必修四Unit 31.up to now 至今为止常用于现在完成时He has lived in HZ up to now.over the past/ the last two months 在过去的两个月里句子用现在完成时I have written 2 books over the last 3 years.2.at a time 每一次Please ask one question at a time. at one time 曾经At one time, he was a bad boy.at the time 在当时Life was hard at the time. at all times 一直Please pay attention to them at all times.mon 常见的The flower is common in HZ ordinary 一般的His ordinary breakfast consists of bread and milk.normal 正常的It’s normal to feel like this. usual 通常的—指频率He came back late as usual.4.be content with 对…满意be content to do sth. 愿意做某事content sb/oneself with sth.满足于某事the content of my desk drawer. 我书桌里的全部东西。
5.be astonished at sth./to do sth.（为…）感到惊异She was astonished at the news. She was astonished to hear that.astonishment 震惊to one’s astonishment 令某人吃惊astonishing 令人惊讶的6.be badly off for sb./sth. 缺少某人/某物、We are badly off 我们经济拮据We are badly off for teachers 我们缺老师。
7.fail in sth. 某事失败。
I failed in understanding what they meant.fail to do sth. 没做成某事He failed to keep in touch with Mary.fail vt. 使（人）失望Words fail me in praise of your company.我无法用言语来赞扬你的公司。
8.pick and choose 细心挑选pick up 1.捡起She picked up the box from the ground. 2.学会，获得（消息）Pick up French .Pick up the news.9. cut in 插嘴cut up 切碎cut down 削减cut off 切断（水电供应，通讯联系）cut out 切掉10. convice sb 使…信服He couldn’t convince her any how.convince sb to do 说服某人做某事We convinced Mary to go by train.convince sb. of sth. 使某人相信某事We convinced him of your words.convincing adj. 令人信服的His words sound convincing.11. director 指导者in all directions 向四面八方in the direction of 向…的方向under the direction of 在某人的指导下.12. direct 和directly 做副词时的区别：direct 表具体意义The plane goes direct from Londondirectly 表抽象意义“直接地”（即“间接地”的反义词）She answered me directly.13. be particular about/over sth. 对…挑剔Mary is particular about the food.14. amuse sb.取悦某人be amused by/at sth.以…为乐in amusement 感兴趣地15.whisper sth. to sb. 低声对某人说某事. in whisper 低声地16. a + 序数词“又一，再一”I have 3 eggs. But can I have a forth one?17.react to sth.对…做出反应react against 反抗react on/upon18.think highly of 看重think little/poorly of 看轻think over 仔细考虑19.remain 一不及物①“剩下，仍有”They took all these that remained.②“留下，逗留”They went，but I remained.③“尚待，留待”That remains to be proved.二系动词表示“一直保持，仍然（处于某种状态）、依然”①加名词作表语In spite of the quarrel .They remained the best friends.②加形作表.We must always remain modest.③加过分The situation remains unchanged.④加现分She remained standing.20.inspire sb. to do 鼓舞某人做…inspire sth. in sb.= inspire sb. with sth.使某人产生某种感情The Vase inspires me with admiration.21.on one occasion 在…场合时机当occasion指地点时用where 指时间时用when①.This is one occasion when it isn’t bad manner to talk with a full month.②. He says that on one occasion where he witnessed clear violation of policy.22. entertain sb with sth 用..使某人快乐He often entertains her with funny stories.entertain sb to sth 用…招待某人I entertained him to dinner yesterday必修四unit 41.be greeted with 对…作出反应The proposal was greeted with burst of laughter.2.approach①走近You must approach the bird very quietly.②接近，靠近，（做某事）的方法：approach toThe approach to the house was a narrow path.Do you know the best approach to learning a foreign language.3.curious1）be curious about 对…好奇Children are curious about everything.2）be curious to do 渴望做某事I am curious to know how the clock works.curiosity：out of curiosity 出于好奇心in /with curiosity 好奇地4.close 和closelyclose adv.近地。
表示具体意义，强调空间距离近。
closely adv.亲密地仔细地，严密地，表抽象含义。
常用来说明动词以怎样的方式进行，有比喻的用法。
My school is close to the park.close friends 亲密朋友have a close relation with 同…关系密切follow sb. closely 亲密关注某人/紧紧跟着某人。
5.possible .probable. likely1）possible “希望很小的可能”It is possible for sb to do sth It is possible that 作表语时主语不能用人。
2）probable “很可能”It is probable + that 从句做表语时不能用人或不定式做主3）likely 即可用人也可用物作主语be likely to6.部分否定1)表示全体意义的形容词、副词或代词，如：every both everything everybody all 若与not 连用表示部分否定：All of them are not right = Not all of them are right.他们并非都正确。
3）表全部否定时，要把这些词改为相应的否定词，如：none nobody nothing neither no.None of us is / are right. 我们都错了。
7. at ease 安逸Tom has a gift for making everyone at ease.ease vt.放松减轻、使舒服I gave him some medicine to ease his pain.put sb. at ease.使某人轻松自在。
8. lose face 丢脸lose sight of 看不见lose heart 灰心face to face 面对面read one’s face 观察脸色9. doing 作主语表示普通情况，谓语用第三人称单数。
Swimming is my hobby.to do 作主语表示具体情况To swim is my hobby today.10. turn one’s back to 背对…背弃…turn away 打发走解雇turn down 调低拒绝turn in 上交turn off 关闭turn on 打开turn to 向某人求助turn up 出现11. rank n. 排名等级He is above me in rank.他等级比我高。
v. 排列The player ranked third in the world.12. be wrong about .. 对…误解go wrong出差错do sb. wrong = put sb. in the wrong 冤枉某人13. The first person to arrive 当中心词为序数词时，由不定式作定语。