TranslationA.有没有一种“成功性格”，即几乎必然使人取得成就的某些性格特征的结合？如果有的话，这一成功的秘诀究竟是什么？并且，这种性格是否能培养出来？在盖洛普公司中，我们最近集中深入研究了成功现象，探查了1 500 名杰出人物的态度和性格特征。
他们是从《美国名人录》中随机抽取的。
被收入《名人录》的主要标准不是财富或社会地位，而是一个人当前在某个领域中的成就。
我们的研究确认了一些在成就最显著的人身上总是出现的性格特征，其中最重要的五点是：由生活经验得出的判断力、专业知识、自力更生的精神、总的智力水平以及把事情完成的能力。
如果你培养这些性格特征，你就很可能会成功。
而且，你甚至可能会发现自己的名字有一天也被收进《名人录》。
B.6. In very young children, before traits have had much chance to develop, behaviou r is less consistent than it is in most adults. A child’s changing behaviour may show hi s changing concern with different features of his activity. His interest always focuses on the business at hand. The person with strong traits and interests persists in what he is doing. Only a major situational change can disturb the direction or purpose of his be haviour.Ⅴ. WritingSuggested passage: The proverb “Habit is second nature” is so often quoted that it has almost become a cliché, yet we all know how true it is. A habit is a form of learned, automatic behaviour tha t provides pleasure and comfort. A bad habit has long-term negative consequences, bu t it still gives immediate comfort. Once formed, it seems to stick to you, no matter ho w hard you,try to shake it off. For example, we have all heard of stories of determined individuals trying to give up smoking, but after strenuously resisting all temptations f or months, only to find themselves reverting to cigarettes again on the threshold of su ccess. So swearing off a bad habit is only half the battle; staying off requires good pla nning. To permanently rid yourself of a bad habit, whether it is smoking, drinking, ga mbling or overeating, you have to simultaneously unlearn certain behaviours and repl ace them with new ones that also provide gratification. If you smoke because cigarette s give you something to do with your hands, learn to play a music instrument instead. With a strong will-power and good strategy, you can surely break any bad habit.第二单元Ⅱ. V ocabulary1. B2. A3. D4. C5. C6. C7. A8. C9. B 10. CB. 11. C 12. A 13. A 14. B 15. B 16. B 17. B 18. A 19. C 20. ATranslation不论是在青年时夭折还是在老年时死去，都没有是否虚度了年华来得重要。
一个人可能在18 年中比另一个在80 年中活得更有意义。
对于生活，我们认为并不是要去不顾一切地积累大量的他人想象为有价值的经验，而是应该过好每天的时光，就好像它是唯一的一天。
我们的意思是要寻找平和感和力量感去对付生活中的失意和痛苦，同时坚持不懈地努力去发现能增添更多生活乐趣和喜悦并加以维持的方法。
6. Scientific research continues to open up previously undreamed,of possibilities. Fift y years ago, few people could even imagine things like computers, lasers and holography. Today, a host of newly,emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence and g enetic engineering are opening up all kinds of new paths for technologists. Like it or n ot, our advancing technology has made us masters of the earth.A.Ⅴ. WritingSuggested passage: It is well known that cancer is a dangerous disease which spares n o one, irrespective of age and sex. Its mortality is high. Therefore it is no wonder that the mere mention of it will frighten the strongest man. But we are convinced that canc er, like all other diseases, is conquerable though it is not quite clear what is the agent t hat causes cancer. Many research units have reported that etiologically cancer is a gro up of diseases rather than a single disease entity; and that cancer is caused by external disease agents, including viruses, chemical and physical stimuli. Up to now there is no known cure for cancer. Nevertheless, much research work on cancer is being conduct ed all over the world.With the discovery of new treatment。
第三单元Ⅱ. V ocabularyA. 1. A 2. C 3. B 4. B 5. D 6. C 7. B 8. A 9. D 10. BB. 11. B 12. A 13. C 14. D 15. B 16. D 17. B 18. B 19. D 20. CTranslation被认为北美蛇中最凶猛的响尾蛇常常是自然学家们研究和探讨的主题。
响尾蛇的名字来源于蜕皮时( 即蛇把旧皮脱下时) 遗留在蛇尾部的一圈圈的硬皮。
蛇在被激怒时摆动尾部，一圈圈的硬皮就发出哗啦啦的声响。
多数自然学家认为这声音是爬行动物紧张时不自觉的反应，而不是响尾蛇在对可能之敌传出的警告。
研究表明，响尾蛇是唯一在进攻前发出信号的毒蛇，而事实上又是唯一尾部有响环的爬行动物。
可是牛蛇和狐蛇在紧张时也都快速颤动尾部。
因响尾蛇出击前发出声响，是否就可称之为“蛇中君子”呢? 这是个有趣的问题。
第四单元Ⅱ. V ocabulary1. A2. D3. D4. B5. A6. D7. A8. B9. D 10. BB. 11. D 12. C 13. B 14. A 15. D 16. C 17. C 18. D 19. B 20. ATranslationA马斯洛把自我实现的需要定义为“要求成为一个比现状更好的人，一个实现自己有能力去达到一切的人”。
在这种水平上生活的人，通常认为工作就是要做的某种事情。
其目的就是要使自己成为一个实现个人人生观的完整的人。
这是一种比得到受人尊敬的更高水平的需要，因为所涉及的人已感到他或他的工作是有价值并受到尊敬的。
这种人觉得他们的工作本身是有趣并使他满意的。
能达到自我实现的需要起支配作用的阶段的人是很少的。
一种普遍看法是只有史怀泽或爱因斯坦到达了这个阶段，但是马斯洛认为，每个人都能在一定程度上感到这种需要。
B Even while enjoying the results of technical progress, man must defend 34 the prim acy and autonomy of pure knowledge. In addition, pure knowledge is the foundation f or practical results that would not have been reached if this knowledge had not been s ought disinterestedly. The first men to study the nature of electricity could not imagin e that their experiments carried on because of mere intellectual curiosity, would event ually lead to modern electrical technology, without which we can scarcely conceive of contemporary life.WritingSuggested passage:Li Siguang, an Outstanding Scientist Li Siguang was born in Hupei in 1889. When he was a young man, he went to Japan to study. After his return to China, he taught in uni versities and did geological research. As a patriotic intellectual, he loved his country a nd his people. He refused to work for the Kuomintang. In 1947 he went to Britain to e scape persecution by the Kuomintang. After liberation, he came back to his motherland to take part in the building of socialism. In 1985, he became a member of the Chinese Communist Party. Integrating theory with practice, Li Siguang applied dialectics in his research work, and set up a new branch of science-geomechanics. He was the first man to declare to the world that China is rich in oil. Li made great contributions to our geological studies and to our oil industry. Armed with Li’s theory, Chinese geological workers have since found many big oilfields like Daqing, Shengli and Dagang.第五单元V ocabularyA. 1. D 2. B 3. A 4. B 5. B 6. B 7. D 8. A 9. A 10. DB. 11. A 12. B 13. C 14. C 15. D 16. B 17. C 18. D 19. B 20. ATranslationA. 注视21世纪，新的科学上的突破将使遗传工程能改变一切，从机器和农业到计算机和工业。