48个英语国际音标元音辅音及发音规则应用方法练习题音素:指语音的最小单位(指发音)音标:用来记录音素的符号(写在//之间)音节:由元音和辅音构成的发音单位.第I部分:元音<20个>发音特点:发音时声带振动,气流在通路上不受发音器官阻挡。
单元音:(12个)/i://?//e//?//?://?//?://?//?://?//u://?/双元音:(8个)/e?//a?//??//??//a?//??//e?//??/第II部分:辅音<28个>发音特点:发音时气流在通路上受到发音器官的阻挡,同时声带不振动是清辅音,声带振动是浊辅音。
清辅音:(11个)/p//t//k//f//θ//s//?//t?//tr//ts//h/浊辅音:(17个)/b//d//g//v//e//z//?//d?//dr//dz//r//m//n//?//?//w//j/说明:1、几组常用音节:①/?n/under②/?n/England③/?n/man④/v?n/seven⑤/a?n/down⑥/ju:/you⑦/kw/quiet2、[l]有两种发音:在元音前读清晰[l],在辅音前或词尾读含糊[l]eg:lake[leIk],little[li:tl]3、清音浊化:/sp/→/sb/spring,/st/→/sd/stay,/sk/→/sg/skirt,/str/→/sdr/street.巩固部分:1、国际音标有多少个?其中元音多少个?辅音多少个?2、元音音素分哪两部分?各多少个?辅音分哪两部分?各多少个?3、标出以下音标中的元音音素:6个/?/、/?:/、/k/、/e/、/d?/、/??/、/?:/、/e?/、/f/、/t?/音标的使用学习了元音和辅音之后,这节课我们要进一步学习一下他们的使用技巧:A.用音标读单词的方法:先找单词音标中的元音音素,之后与其前辅音拼读发音。
拼读练习(1)[ka?t][??:st][k?:d][fa?v][s?ks][b?:d][??:t][fre?][sku:?][’h?b?][w? :t?][??nt?][sm?:t][gru:p][f?:e?][’s?m?][’s???d][f??t][??p?n][wee?][fr?nt][gr?:s]拼读练习(2)[’m?tn][ske?t][’fra?d?][’menju:][’ve?p?][frent?][r?’??ks] [p??st][str?kt][’e?p?:t][d??r?:f][’ne?t??][’k?b?d?][’t?ks?][d?kt?][k?n?d?][h??m][r?’p?:t?][’s?bwe?]拼读练习(3)[p?’te?t??][t?’m?:t??][m?g?’zi:n][’θ?:zd?][r??b?t][’s?t?d?][’d?k??n?r?][’k?mp?n?][’??:p?n?][’sek?nd][’?:g?st][’tra?z?z][’f?m???][’k?m?d?][?k’sa?t??][’k??k?n?t][’m?nd?][mi: d??m][’??nd?n][bra?n][’swet?][?’dres][’s?bd??kt][’st?:r?’][’v?d???][fa?nd][str?kt]B.用音标给26个英语字母标音:AaBbCcDd[e?][bi:][si:][di:]EeFfGgHh[i:][ef][d?i:][e?t?]IiJjKkLlMmNn[a?][d?e?][ke?][e?][em][en]OoPpQqRrSsTt[??][pi:][kju:][?:][es][ti:]UuVvWwXxYyZz[ju:][vi:][’d?b?ju:][eks][wa?][zed]/[zi:]音标练习——判断发音一、选出划线部分与其他三项发音不同的一项(C B.take C.nap D.wave(A B.eat C.tea D.seat(D B.leg C.red D.he(B B.too C.book D.neighborhood(B B.crab C.shark D.car(A B.hot C.box D.not(D B.five C.my D.his(B B.doctor C.boring D.corner(A B.water C.walk D.talk(C B.no C.to D.nose(D B.play C.they D.Sunday(C B.not C.to D.follow(A B.idea C.theatre D.dear(B B.follow C.how D.brown(C B.hi C.toilet D.bike(A B.house C.blouse D.trousers (D B.puzzle C.bus D.busy(D B.dining-room C.behind D.pumpkin (B B.sandwich C.China D.peach(B B.coffee C.meet D.see(A B.apple C.bottle D.table(C mp C.parent D.have(D B.together C.garden D.swing (B B.telescope C.newspaper D.maths(A B.off C.pot D.lot(B B.foot C.too D.food(C B.driver C.term D.waiter(B B.bedroom C.jacket D.eleven(C B.camping C.dance D.blanket(B B.other C.clothes D.home(D B.horse C.door D.tomorrow(D B.around C.elephant D.change(C B.blouse ugh D.mouth (B B.child C.children D.buscuit(A B.find C.white D.kite(B B.theatre C.triangle D.tree(C B.want C.parent D.what (C ugh C.sofa D.vase(A mp C.camping D.am(A B.cook C.foot D.look(B B.circle C.class D.picture (D B.theatre C.bathroom D.there (D B.sure C.shape D.square(A B.diamond C.crayon D.o’clock(B B.heart C.tear D.hear(C B.meatC.weatherD.beach(B B.fastC.haveD.map(A B.garden C.market D.party(D B.tooth C.choose D.good(B B.too C.look D.cook(C B.ruler C.put D.menu(A B.fun C.sun D.cut(B B.her C.officer D.over(D B.no C.cold D.hot(C B.lion C.pizza D.Friday(C B.seat C.weather D.please(B B.brown C.window D.know(C B.face C.apple te(A B.leg C.bed D.set(B B.ruler C.duck D.cup(C B.hot C.go D.sock(D B.dead C.deaf D.sea二、判断发音是否相同,打√或×1.wait play (√)2.cakeapple (×)3.Train bag (×)4.makename (√)5.like little(×)6.wifesit (×)7.try fly (√)8.painwait (√)9.boy my (×)10.toyjoy (√)11.go no (√)12.sodo (×)13.know now (×)14.rosenot (×)15.how house (√)16.howflower (√)17.dear bear (×)18.pearnear (×)19.deer cheer (√)20.pairchair (√)21.great meat (×)22.pigbig (√)23.her dirty (√)24.herteacher (×)25.five nice (√)26.bedwe (×)27.stop hot (√)28.weekeat (√)29.dish hi (×)eunder (×)31.like pizza(×)32.catfather (×)33.egg he (×)34.askpark (√)35.sun hungry (√)36.cutput (×)e from (×)38.underuncle (√)39.sing evening(√)40.bedhead (√)41.bird girl(√)42.learnshirt (√)43.juice who (√)44.foodfoot (×)45.learn near (×)46.drophot (√)47.short shirt (×)爆破:两个爆破音相邻,前面的不发音,只是停顿一下,叫完全失去爆破,如:peakpark读作[pi:(k)pa:k]。
爆破音后面跟着其他辅音,使爆破音读的很轻,叫不完全失去爆破,如bedroom读作[be(d)ru:m]这里d读的很轻。
爆破音(/p/,/b/,/t/,/d/,/k/,/g/)后面直接跟另外一个爆破音,破擦音/t∫/,/dз/,/tr/,/dr/等等时,爆破音则会失去爆破,即做出要爆破的动作,形成闭塞但不爆破出来。
例如:acttwo,good。
爆破音(/p/,/b/,/t/,/d/,/k/,/g/)后面直接跟的是摩擦音/f/,/v/,/s/,/z/,/θ/,/e/,/?/时这个爆破音会有很轻微的爆破,即不完全爆破。
例如:breakfast,advice,exciting,helpthisman,lifttheveil。
【我们的语音书则把这个归为“不完全爆破”。
不完全失去爆破的另一种定义如果在同一词或意群内,爆破音后面紧接着另一个辅音,那么这个爆破音的发音过程就会受到影响。