独立主格结构常见类型及其用法袁征独立主格结构是由一个相当于主语的名词或代词加上非谓语动词、形容词（副）词、或介词短语构成的一种独立成分。
该结构不是句子，也不是从句，所以它内部的动词不能考虑其时态、人称和数的变化，它与其主句之间既不能通过并列连词连接也不能有从句引导词引导，常用逗号与其主句隔开。
独立主格结构在很多情况下可以转化为相应的状语从句或其他状语形式，但很多时候不能转化为分词形式，因为它内部动词的逻辑主语与主句主语不一致。
在做这类题目时一定要小心判断，不能粗心大意。
一、独立主格结构的构成形式1、逻辑主语+V-ing这种构成形式内部的逻辑主语是分词的动作执行者，分词表示的动作不是整句主语发出的动作，而是其逻辑主语发出的动作。
如：1.__________no bus, we had to walk home.A.There beingB.BeingC.Having beenD.There was2._______no bus, we had to walk home.A.As there beingB.As there wasC.BeingD.There was3._______Sunday, the library doesn't open.A.BeingB.There beingC.It beingD.Having been4.______Sunday, the library doesn't open.A.As it beingB.BeingC.It isD.As it is2、逻辑主语+V-ed该构成形式内部的逻辑主语是分词的动作承受者。
如：1._________, the train started.A.The signal givenB.Giving the signal B.The signal being given D.The signal giving2.__________, the train started.A.After having given the signalB.After the signal givenC.Giving the signalD.After the signal was given3._________, the text became easier for us to learn.A.Explaining new wordsB.New words explainedC.Being explained new wordsD.Having explained new words4.______________, the text became easier for us to learn.A. When new words were explainedB.Explaining new words B.New words explaining D.Being explained new words3、逻辑主语+形容词（副词）该结构相当于一个未带动词的“主—系—表”结构。
如：1.___________, the patient can leave the hospital.A.Better conditionsB.Conditions betterC.Conditions are betterD.Being better conditions2._________, the patient can leave the hospital.A.If better conditionsB.If conditions betterC.If conditions are betterD.Being better conditions3.________, we’d like to go outing.A.Being SundayB.Sunday OKC.Sunday is OKD.If Sunday OK4.___________, we’d like to go outing.A.If Sunday is OKB.Sunday being OKC.Sunday OKD.A,B and C5._________, you can wait a while.A.The play being still onB.The play still on C Being still on the play D.A and B6._________, so you can wait a whileA.The play is still onB.The play being still onC.As the play is still onD.The play still on4、逻辑主语+介词短语该结构相当于不带动词的“主—系—介词短语”结构。
如：1.The boy followed the nobleman here, ___________.A.a sword in handB.a sword in his hand B.Being a sword in hand D.sword in hand2.The boy followed the nobleman here ___________.A.with a sword in his handB.with a sword in handC.with a sword being in handD.a sword being in hand3.He left the office, __________.A.tears being in eyesB.tears in eyesC.being tears in eyesD.with tears being in eyes4.He left the office __________.A.with tears being in eyesB.with tears in her eyesC.being tears in eyesD.tears being in eyes二、独立主格结构在整句中可作以下成分：1、原因状语该结构在句中作原因状语时相当于一个原因状语从句。
如：1.________ no bus, we had to walk home.A.There beingB.As there wasC.There wasD.A and B2._________Sunday, the library doesn't open.A.It beingB.As it isC.BeingD.A and B3.____________, I had to ask for two days’ leave.A.Mother being illB.Bother illC.As mother was illD. A,B and C4.____________, we have to work late into the night.A.The exam nearB.The exam being nearC.As the exam is nearD. A,B and C2、时间状语独立主格结构作时间状语时相当于一个由when, as soon as, after等引导的时间状语从句。
如：1.__________, the train started.A. The signal givenB. After the signal was givenC. Given the signalD.A and B2.__________, the text became easier for us to learn.A. New words explainedB. When new words were explainedC. When teacher explained new wordsD. all above3、条件状语独立主格结构作条件状语时可以改为由if引导的条件状语从句。
如：1.___________, we'll go to visit the Great Wall.A. Weather permittingB. If weather permitsC. If permittingD.A and B2._________, the patient will recover himself soon.A. If the treatment is in timeB. The treatment in timeC. The treatment being in timeD.A,B and C4、伴随状语独立主格结构作伴随状语时相当于一个介词短语或并列谓语。
如：1.We have lessons every day, ___________.A. Sunday includedB. Sunday includingC. Sunday is includingD. all the above2.The boy fell asleep,___________.A. cap on headB. with a cap on headC. a cap on was on headD. all the above3.Father came home,_________A. a dog following himB. a dog followed himC. being followed by a dogD. all the above。