Exercises
5. Listen and underline the word that you hear in each sentence. (1) Did you like the play/plain? (2) Mom said it was war/ worn, didn’t she? (3) I could feel the ray/rain on my face. (4) Is it really dull/done? (5) Where's the dog's bone/bowl? (6) That's a fine/file cabinet. 6. Read theห้องสมุดไป่ตู้following sentences. (1) Nothing venture, nothing have (2) Nancy's number is neither ninety nor nineteen. (3) Helen's new house is near the lake. (4) Good morning. I'm looking for a one-bed-bedroom apartment downtown.
/
/, /
…
/, /
/
2. Some students leave out the phoneme /m/ when they occur finally. Listen and repeat each word pair.
tie —— time see —— seem say —— same
tea —— team cry —— crime blue —— bloom
Allophonic variations of /n/
Dentalized before a labiodental /f/ or /v/: invite Velarized before /k/ or / Syllabic: button Lengthening, when /n/ arrests and releases adjoining syllables: ten names /: think
thin —— thing ton —— tong
3. Read the following words. First slowly, then quickly.
singer long ago
singing bring it
youngish wrong again
hang up among others
/ /
单词发音练习 ink ring sing monkey
/ /
短 语
ring-a-ding strong string rising diphthong playing ping-pong
/ /
句 子
A: Do you like drinking tea? B: Yes,I do. A: We are advised to drink more tea than coffee. B：Tea is good for health.
/ /浊辅音.舌后部抬起紧贴软腭,形成阻碍,同时软
腭下垂,堵住口腔通道,气流从鼻腔泻出,声带振动./ / 的发音近似于汉语“嗯”,但不同之处在于：发/ /时口 腔开得更大,声带振动. / /
/ /&/ /
/ /
单词发音练习 moon home medicine mountain
/ /
短 语
man-made come tomorrow make a mistake middle name
Allophonic variations of / /
The alveolar [n], when followed by an alveolar: taking ten Syllabic: lock and key
Exercises
1. Practise the phoneme /m/ in man, first normally, then with exaggeration, then normally. Listen and repeat.
Exercises
1. Practise the sound / in sing.
/
/,
/ …
/, /
/
2. Listen and try to distinguish whether the sound read is /n/or / /.
sin —— sing ran —— rang
son —— song win —— wing
Syllabic: something Lengthened, when an arresting /m/ is followed by a releasing /m/: some more The labiodnetal nasal, when followed by /f/: comfort
/ /
单词发音练习 neck tin night noise
/ /
短 语
neat brandy telephone number a negative answer harden the neck
/ /
句 子
A: What a nice postcard of the Grand Canyon! B: They are wonderful A: Who sent it to you? B：A friend of mine.
/l/-/r/ ，/r/和 ri (日)对比 练习:/liru/&/luri/ rural, lull, really, leery
Allophonic variations of /l/
Syllabic: bottle "Clear-l", made with the tongue in the classical fronted position: lease "Dark-l", (the tongue tip and blade in the post alveolar position): call Devoiced in consonant clusters with voiceless stops: play The post-palatal, or velar /l/: milk
UNIT9 / / / / / /
汉英对比： 汉英对比：
/ /浊辅音.发音时,双唇闭拢,气流从鼻腔泻出, / / 浊辅音.
声带振动./ /的发音近似于汉语的“母”,但区别之处 在于发/m/时要双唇紧闭,声带振动.
/ /浊辅音.发音时,舌尖贴上齿龈,形成阻碍,气流
从鼻腔泻出,声带振动./n/的发音接近于汉语的“恩”, 但不同之处在于发/ /时，嘴唇微开,舌尖贴紧上齿龈.
/ // // / / / / /
Nasals, Approximants & Lateral(s)
Like the stops, the nasals are all made by closing the vocal tract at some point in the mouth. Unlike the stops or any other sounds in the language, there is an opening into the nasal cavity in the pronunciation so that the sound can be resonated through the nose. The nasal consonants are /m/, /n/, and / /. /w/, /r/, and /j/ are called approximants because it is an articulation in which the articulators approach each other but do not get sufficiently close to each other to produce a "complete" consonant such as a stop, nasal or fricative. /l/ is called a "lateral" because during its pronunciation, the passage of air through the mouth does not go in the usual way along the centre of the tongue.
/ /
句 子
A: Mum has come back home. B: Marvellous. A: Mum says we’ll go and see a movie tonight. B：Yes,we certainly will. ：
Allophonic variations of /m/
/ /
Allophonic variations of /r/
Devoiced as in voiceless clusters: treat The one-tap flap /r/: very The retroflexed /r/: right The back /r/, before or after /k/ or / /: crate grey
Exercises
3. Listen and underline the word that you hear in each sentence. (1) The (rye / rhyme) was very good. (2) I'll give him his (due / doom). (3) We all like that (dough / dome). (4) Didn't you see the (dye / dime)? (5) Have you called (Ma / Mom)? (6) Did you say ("who“ / "whom“)? 4. Read the following sentences. (1) The man who makes no mistakes does not usually make anything. (2) Mountain climbing has become more and more welcome among the masses. (3) What an amazing memory Mr. Martin must have. (4) Merchants in America believe that money makes the mare go.