中考语法：定语从句的用法归纳定语从句Attributive ClauseI本章要点看一看这些名言警句中所运用的定语从句➢He who makes no mistakes makes nothing.从不犯错误的人一事无成。
➢He is the best general who makes the fewest mistakes. ─Hamilton.最厉害的将军错误犯得最少。
➢He that travels far knows much.II定语从句语法点分述一、基本要素1.概念：如果由一个句子来充当一个词的定语，那么这个句子就被叫做定语从句2.先行词：被修饰的名词或代词称为先行词3.关系词（关系代词或者副词）：引导定语从句➢He is the best general who makes the fewest mistakes.1.定语从句：_____________________________________2.先行词：_____________________________________3.关系词：_____________________________________♥Attention♥如何选择关系代词？关系代词的作用是什么？二、关系代词1.定语从句关系代词：★小试身手★1)This is the man who helped me yesterday.⇨who在定语从句中作_________2)The teacher (who/whom/that) you want to see is coming.⇨who在定语从句中作_________3)I met a boy whose father was an astronaut.⇨whose在定语从句中作_________4)Here is the coat which/that will be made for you.⇨which在定语从句中作_________5)This is the factory (which/that) we visited last year.⇨which在定语从句中作_________6)He has a book whose cover (=the cover of which) is very beautiful.⇨whose在定语从句中作_________2.关系代词的作用1)________________________________________2)________________________________________3)________________________________________★小试身手★(1)用关系代词who,whom,that或whose填空。
1)The man__________you met just now is my old friend.2)The man __________ is walking on the playground is my old friend.3)She brought with her three friends, none of __________ I had ever met before.4)That's the new machine __________parts are too small to be seen.(2)用who/whom/which/that将下列句子两句并一句。
1)The boy is my younger brother. He was here a minute ago.2)The woman is here now. You were talking about her.(3)用whose 将下列句子两句并一句。
1)The man gave me a reward. I found and returned his wallet.2)Parents are usually very proud. Their children graduate from college.3)The teacher went to Japan to teach English. I took his class last semester.♥Attention♥whose 后面一定要加一个名词, 然后这个部分共同做主语或宾语。
3.只能使用 that 作关系代词的情况：a.先行词为 all, anything, everything, nothing, much, none, little等不定代词时。
➢There is nothing that can stop him from doing it.b.先行词前有last, next, only, very及序数词、最高级等修饰时。
➢This is the most interesting film (that) was shown last week.➢This is the second computer (that) my father has just bought.c.当先行词既有人，又有物时。
➢They talked of things and people that thet remembered.d.当主语是 who 的疑问句:➢W ho is the boy that is playing computer games?♥Attention♥以下情况时，who不与that通用。
a)先行词为one(s)/anyone/those时,用who。
b)当先行词有较长定语时用who。
➢I met a foreigner in the street yesterday who could ask me questions in Chinese.c)一个句子中带有两个定语从句，一个定语从句的关系代词是 that，另一个用who。
➢The boy that you met last night is the group leader who studies very hard.d)在there be开头的句中用who。
➢There is a pretty girl outside who wants to see you.★小试身手★(1)填空1)There is nothing in the world ______ can frighten him.2)The only games ______ I play are football and tennis.3)He is the only student ______ understands English.(2)翻译1)他们唯一能做的事就是等待。
2)这正是你昨天买的笔。
三、关系副词1.定语从句关系副词♥Attention♥判断关系词是使用代词还是副词时,取决于定语从句的完整性。
如果定语从句不缺主语和宾语，那么关系词就应该使用关系副词。
a.when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。
➢I still remember the day when I first came to this school.➢I will never forget the day that we spent together.b.where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。
➢I recently went back to the town where I was born.➢I would like to live in a country that is full of natural beauty.c.why 指原因，在限制性定语从句中作原因状语。
➢Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.➢The reason that he told us surprised us very much.★小试身手★1)Do you still remember the place______ we visited last week?2)Do you still remember the place_______ we visited the painting exhibition?3)I still remember the night _______I first came to the house.4)I don’t know the reason ______ he came so late.5)We are living in an age ______ many things are done on computer.6)I can think of many cases ______ students obviously know a lot of English words and expressions but couldn't write a good essay.7)Nobody knows the reason ______ she didn’t come to the meeting.8)They have reached the point _____ they have to separate with each other.四、关系代词和关系副词之间的关系试观察下列句子：➢This is the day when we met.This is the day _____we met.➢You should remember to put the book back to the place where it belongs.You should remember to put the book back to the place _______ it belongs.总结：关系副词=介词+关系代词★小试身手★连词成句1)go were want back to the I place born my where grandparents to.2)refused help reason why the he us is this to? (for which)1.介词+关系代词引导的定语从句a.直接位于介词之后的关系代词只能是which或whom，构成介词+which（指物）；介词+whom（指人）两种结构。
➢The man to whom you talked just now is a famous runner.➢The service the students complain a lot should be improved.➢He is a library assistant I borrowed some books.b.直接位于介词后面的关系代词不能省略，但如果将介词移于句子末尾而不位于关系代词之前时，关系代词可省。