同济大学土木工程防灾国家重点实验室、桥梁工程系桥梁风振理论及其控制——桥梁与隧道工程专业博士生学位课程主讲教师：葛耀君教授．博士同济大学土木工程防灾国家重点实验室桥梁工程系第二讲　自然风特性第一讲　风工程简介第三讲　自然风模拟第四讲　结构气动响应第五讲　静风响应分析第六讲　桥梁气动稳定第七讲　随机抖振分析第九讲　环境空气动力学第八讲　涡激振动问题第十讲　风洞试验第十一讲　桥梁风振可靠性第十二讲　结构风荷载识别第十三讲　桥梁抗风设计第十四讲　结构抗风设计*第一讲风工程简介1.风工程范畴1.1定义(J.E.Cermak)The rational treatment of interactions between wind and man and his engineered works on the surface of the earth.Applications of wind engineering are not for the most part aeronautical in nature, but are related to wind effects on buildings, structures and pedestrians, short range transport of air pollutants and local wind modification by buildings, urban geometry and topography.1.2内容A. 结构风荷载——压力或力*B. 风振响应——桥梁、结构、拉索、烟囱、塔桅等*C. 局部风环境——行人风环境、风冷因子(Wind-chill Factor)D. 污染和其它元素扩散问题E. 风致运动——物体飘移F. 建筑结构空气动力学——通风、空气渗透、内部流动G. 气动现象——车辆、船舶、帆船、体育等H. 风能利用——风力发电、场地选择I. 气象工程等1.3机构Ⅰ. 1963 Teddington, England Ⅱ. 1967 Ottawa, Canada Ⅲ. 1971 Tokyo, Japan (formally established)Ⅳ. 1975 Heathrow (London), England ☆Ⅴ. 1979 Fort Collin, Colorado, U.S.AⅥ. 1983 Gold coast, Australia & Auckland, New Zealand A. ICWE ——International Conference on Wind Engineering. (International Conference or Research Seminar on Wind E-ffects on Buildings and Structures)1.3机构(续)A. ICWE——International Conference on Wind Engineering(International Conference or Research Seminar on Wind Effects on Buildings and structures) (续)Ⅶ. 1987 Aachen, F.R. GermanyⅧ. 1991 London, Qntario, Canada☆Ⅸ. 1995 New Delhi, IndiaⅩ. 1999 Copenhagen, DenmarkⅪ. 2003 Lubbock, Texas, U.S.A☆Ⅻ. 2007 Cairns, Australia1.3机构(续)B. IAWE——International Association for Wind EngineeringEstablished in 1975: Steering Committee (no Chinese)Current Chairman: Prof. Giovanni Solari　June 2003: By-Law AssociationC.地区风工程协会Asia-Pacific Region Secretary:Kenny Kwok (Hong Kong)Europe-Africa Region Secretary：James Baker (England)America Secretary：Ahsan Kareem (U.S.A)2001:5th Asia-Pacific Conference on Wind Engineering, Kyato, Japan2005:6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Wind Engineering, Seoul, Korea2009:7th in Taiwan, China1.3机构(续)D.中国风工程学术机构中国空气动力学会风工程与工业空气动力学分会（四年，2002第六届）结构风工程专委会（年会两年，2003年第十一届）中国土木工程学会 桥梁及结构工程分会（年会两年，2004年第十六届） 风工程专委会（年会两年，2005年第十二届）中国振动工程学会结构动力学专委会（年会四年，2005年第四届）模态分析与实验专委会（年会四年，2005年第五届）2.风工程论著2.1主要著作[1]. R.h. Scanlan＆E. Simiu, Wind Effects on Structures: An Introdu-ction to Wind Engineering, John Wiley & Sons, 1996(3rd)[2]. P. Krishna, Recent Advances in Wind Engineering, Wiley EasternLtd. 1994[3]. H. Sockel, Wind-Excited Vibrations of Structures, Springer-Verlag,1994[4]. rsen, Aerodynamics of Large Bridges,Balkema,Rotteldam,1992[5]. A. Larsen, Bridge Aerodynamics, Balkema, Rotterdam, 1998[6]. J. D-Holmes, Wind Loading of Structures, Spon Press, London,2001[7]. 项海帆等，现代桥梁抗风理论与实践，人民交通出版社，20052.2主要期刊[1]. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics (previ-ously Journal of Industrial Aerodynamics). 1975～[2]. Journal of Sound & Vibration[3]. Journal of AIAA[4]. Journal of Engineering Mechanics Division, ASCE[5]. Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE[6]. Journal of Fluid Mechanics[7]. Journal of Wind and Structures, Korea2.3知名专家A.加拿大University of Western Ontario (UWO): (全世界公认第一座BLWT) Alan G. Davenport, Barry J. Vickery, Nicholas IsyumovDavid Surry, Peter King, Eric Ho, Horia Hangan National Research Council (NRC) & University of Ottawa Robert I. Wardlaw,Hiroshi Tanaka, Kevin CooperSteve Zan, Guy L. LaroseRWDI Incoporation Inc.Peter Irwin, Michael J. Soligo, Jiming Xie2.3知名专家(续)B.美国Colorado State UniversityJack Cermak, R.N. Meroney University of IllinoisNicholas JonesTexas Tech UniversityKishor Mehta, Chris Letchford University of Notre DameAhsan KareemC.印度Prem Krishna2.3知名专家(续)D.澳大利亚Monashi UniversityWilliam Melbourne, John. Holmes, Kenny KwokE.英国Imperial College, Tom WyattUniversity of Birmingham, James BakerF.德国　Hans-Jurgen NiemannG.丹麦COWI—Allan LarsenDMI —Niels FranckH.意大利University of Genoa,Giovanni SolariPolitechico di Milano,G. Diana2.3知名专家(续)I.日本　Kyoto University , Masaru Matsumoto, H. ShiratoUniversity of Tokyo, Yozo Fujino, J. KandaYokohoma National University, Toshio Miyata, Hitoshi YamadaKeio University, Shuzo MurakamiJ.中国　同济大学土木工程防灾国家重点实验室中国空气动力研究中心(绵阳)北京大学力学系西南交大桥梁工程系汕头大学、湖南大学、长安大学广东建科所、香港科技大学、香港理工大学3.风工程历史3.1平均风荷载(～1760年)John Smeaton(1724～1792)，the first Civil Engineer 伦敦皇家协会提出的风荷载计算公式21.2P V =212D P V C ρ= 1.96D C = 3.2脉动风荷载(1760～1890年)1879年，Tay Bridge (75m铁桁架桥)风毁，列车上75人死亡设计者：Thomas Bouch，风速36m/s，C D =2.41889年，Eiffel Tower(300m铁塔)建造成功设计者：Gustav Eiffel，阵风因子1.4～1.7加拿大CN Tower 实测阵风因子1.73.3气动稳定性(1890～1940年)November 7, 1940, Tacoma Narrows Bridge 风毁录像。