How do we solve the problem?
When do we write the introduction?
Many books recommend writing your
introduction last, after you finish your project. This is
How to Write the Introduction
Group Members:
目录
1、引言及其作用 2、如何写引言
3、引言部分的语言特征
4、总结
1.引言及其作用
1.1 什么是引言 1.2 为什么要写引言
1.3 引言的作用
1.4 何时写引言
What is Introduction?
e.g.1：
This paper is organized as follows.
e.g.2：
In this paper, we adopt an IA scheme for SISO transmission……
Present Perfect Tense
When describing recent advances in a certain research field, or aiming to emphasize the impact of something happening recently on the present, you are suggested to use present perfect tense.
1、建立议题中心及概括议题内容的常用句型有： ... is a central issue in …
his development of … is a typical/common problem
in … For a long time ,it has been the case that... Most accounts/reports/publications claim/maintain that …
One Template
a) 题X是重要的。
b) 前人的工作A、B曾经研究过这个问题。 c) A、B有一些缺陷。
d) 我们提出了方法D。 e) D的基本特征，和A、B进行比较。 f) 实验证明D比A、B优越。 g) 研究前景。
Research The background The author’s method information article research
1.2 Reviewing previous research in this area The second layer Indicating the problem that has not been solved by previous research, raising a relevant question The third layer Specifying the purpose of your research The fourth layer 4.1 Announcing your major findings 4.2 Outlining the contents of your paper
exercise
1、Brown (1998) ____ the importance of time management both when preparing for and actually sitting examinations. A. conclude B.concludes C.stress D.stresses 2 、 For some years there has been an awarenrss of the dangers of Salmon farming in Scottish Lochs, and several studies(see e.g., Brown [2000], Maclnnes[2002]) ____ potential risks. A.indicate B.have indicate C.claim D.have claimed
Introduction is the first section of a scientific paper, including the background information of the research, the nature and scope of the problem investigated.
Voice
在学术论文中,我们可能经常会被是否可以使用we（我们）或I（我）的问
题困扰。关于这点，一点要区分we在这里指代什么。一般来说，作者使用we 提及作者的研究团队而不是泛指人类群体。 e.g.1： In this paper, we adopt an IA scheme for SISO transmission, and we
is know/though that…“，而不是用“We know/think that…”。引言部分
中，多使用被动语态，而不是主动语态we，尤其是中心的“报告”部分（ was conducted，was designed等）。 e.g.1 This scheme has been designed to achieve the asymptotic capacity in the IC……（被动语态） e.g.2 This new approach of interference management has been named IA.（被动语态）
Conciseness
Sentence pattern
Use some common sentence patterns in the introduction.
Vocabulary & Abbreviation: Mak clear, precise and concise.
Example
e.g.1: However, According to studies,all mobile communication standards still include a SISO transmission mode .（建立议题中心） e.g.2: In our contributions, we firstly introduce a way to optimize the precoding subspaces at all transmitters, exploiting the fact that channel matrices in the IA model are diagonal. Two solutions are derived; the first is achieved iteratively using projected gradient descent method, the second is a closed-form solution that avoids the numerical computation, thus, resulting in a very low computational complexity. Secondly, we propose to optimize the precoding vectors at each transmitter within its precoding subspace. To this end, we combine each IA precoder with a new combination precoder.（概括议题内容）
to make sure that you introduce what you are
actually going to say.
2.如何写引言
2.1 引言的组成 2.2 引言的特点
2.3 引言的结构与布局
2.4 引言实例
The content of an Introduction
The function of Introduction
To answer the basic questions
What
Why
How
What is the subject about ?
Why I (we) carried out the experiment, that is to say, what is the problem?
answer: 1.D 2.B 3.C
sentence pattern in Introduction
Sentence pattern in Introduction
The primary rule is to keep in scientific style Preciseness Clarity Logical and Thinking
Introduction
Attraction
Brevity
Clarity
Structural Layout of Introduction
The first layer
1.1 Introducing the general research area including its background, importance, and present level of development
e.g.1: This approach has been exploited by Cadambe and Jafar in……. e.g.2: The authors have shown that the maximum achievable DoF（degrees of freedom自由度）in the K-user timevarying single-input single-output (SISO,单输入单输出)