形容词副词的比较级与最高级基础过关一、比较级的定义：大多数的形容词都有三个级别：原级、比较级、最高级。
其中比较级表示“更……”，用于两者之间的比较，用来说明“前者比后者更……”，比较级前面一般用much, even, a little修饰，其中even, much 只能修饰比较级。
比较级的构成：比较级和最高级的构成1）加-er,-est构成比较级和最高级。
单音节形容词和副词以不发音的-e结尾的High higher highest safe safer safest Hard harder hardest late later latest small----smaller----smallest large----larger----largestnew----newer----newest nice----nicer----nicest辅音字母要双写的情况以辅音加-y结尾的情况Big bigger biggest dry drier driest Hot hotter hottest merry merrier merriest Thin thinner thinnest easy easier easiest 1. 写出以下各形容词的比较级和最高级：1. nice ______________________2. fat ____________________3. slow _____________________4. dry ____________________5. happy ____________________6. wet ____________________7. thin ______________________ 8. far ____________________9. early _____________________ 10. careful_________________15. exciting ___________________ 16. busy __________________2. 根据句意，用所括号内所级形容词的比较等级形式填空：1. Mr. Smith is man in this office. (rich)2. Winter is season of the years. (cold)3. This radio is not so as that one. (cheap)4. It is much today than yesterday. (hot)5. She is a little than her classmates. (careful)6. people came to the meeting than last time. (many)7. Which book is , this one or that one? (easy)8. My room is than yours. (small)9. Hainan is from Beijing than Hunan. (far)10. Skating is than swimming. (exciting)11. Jim is than all the others. (honest)12. The higher you climb, the it will be. (cold)13.There are boys than girls in our class. (few)2) 加more, most构成比较级和最高级多音节的形容词由形容词加-ly构成的副词expensive more expensive most expensive slowly more slowly most slowly carefully more carefully most carefully highly more highly most highly 以-ful,-less,-able,-ous,-ive, -ing等结尾的双元音形容词useless more useless most uselessserious more serious most serious分词形容词tired,pleased及glad,often,real, right,wrong等单音节形容词。
tired more tired most tiredglad more glad most glad注：包含good, well, bad, ill的复合词形容词(如good-looking, well-known, well-built, bad-tempered 等)，通常将good, well, bad, ill 改为比较级和最高级，不过也可用more和most的形式：good-looking — better-looking / more good-looking—best-looking / most good-looking。
小练习：写出下列形容词与副词的比较级与最高级形式：long_____ ______ wide ______ _______ fat ____ _____heavy____ ______ slow ______ _______ few____ _____brightly______ -_____ far____ _____quickly _____ ______ happy_____ -______ unhappy________1. Which is (big), the sun, the moon or the earth?2. Which is (beautiful), the black coat or the blue one?3. This mooncake is (cheap) of all.4. He is (strong) in the class.5. English is (widely) spoken in the world.6, Now his life is becoming and . (difficult)7. Things are getting _______ and _______. (bad)3）下列形容词、副词的比较级和最高级可有两种构成方法．cruel crueler cruelest more cruel most crueloften oftener oftenest more often most oftenstrict stricter strictest more strict most strictfriendly friendlier friendliest more friendly most friendly4)形容词。
副词的比较级和最高级的不规则构成法good/well better bestbad/ill/badly worse worstmany/much more mostlittle less leastfar farther/further farthest/furthestold older/elder oldest/eldest合二为一共三对:“坏bad”,“病ill”的比较级为worse,最高级为worst.两多many/much”的比较级为more,最高级为most.“两好good/well” 的比较级为better, 最高级为best.一分为二只两个，一是“远far”的比较级为farther/further,最高级为farthest/furthest.二是“老old”的比较级为older/elder，最高级为oldest/eldest.还有一词little“少”的比较级为less,最高级为least.小练习：1. much ____________________ 2 ill _____________________3. little _____________________4. bad ___________________用所给词的正确形式填空：1. This dress is _____________ that.(twice, as…as…, expensive)2. Gold(黄金) is ____________ (little) useful than iron(铁).3. My sister is two years ____________ (old ) than I.4. John’s parents have four daughters, and she is the ___________ (young) child.5. She will be much ____________ (happy) in her new house.6. The short one is by far ____________ (expensive) of the five.7. The boy is not so ______ (interesting) as his brother.8. Dick sings _________ (well), she sings __________(well) than John, but Mary sings___________(well) in her class.三、比较级的用法:(一)当两个人或事物（A和B）进行比较时，我们需要用到形容词（副词）的原级或者比级1．表达“A和B一样”，用as…as的结构。
公式: A+be动词+as+形容词原级+as…+BA+实义动词+as+副词原级+as…+BEg I am as tall as you.我和你一样高。
He runs as fast as I. 他跑得和我一样快。
2．表达“A不如B”用not as…as的结构。
公式: A+be动词的否定形式+as+形容词原级+as…+BA+助词的否定形式+动词+as+形容词原级+as…+BEg I am not as tall as you.我没有你高。
He doesn’t run as fast as I. 他没有我跑得快。
2．表达“A大于B”用“比较级+than”的结构。
公式: A+be动词+形容词比较级+than+B…A+实义动词+副词比较级+than+B…Eg I am taller than you.我比你高。
He runs faster than I. 他跑得比我快。
(二)关于形容词、副词比较级的更多用法1．比较级前面可以加上表示“优劣程度”的词或短语，意思是“更…”，“…得…”。