上海市延安中学2018学年第一学期期中考试高一年级英语试卷第I卷I. Listening ComprehensionII. Grammar and Vocabulary21.Before ecotourism is conducted correctly, we had better not force our will ________ those local residents who wishes to live in a quiet and peaceful life.A. forB. toC. onD. of22.Hepburn was so ________ by Givenchy’s work that she kept loyal to him over the years. Most of her casual wear was designed by Givenchy.A. fascinatedB. fascinatingC. fascinateD. fascination23.Steve Jobs once said, “Innovation(创新) distinguishes between a leader and a follower.” Just remember: ________ you start to think creatively, the whole world is going to be following.A. AlthoughB. WhereC. UnlessD. Once24.________ there are often many resources available on campus, like professors and advisors, youngsters find it most comfortable and convenient to turn to friends for help.A. AsB. WhileC. WhenD. If25.Shan Tianfang devoted his whole life to the seemingly ordinary act of telling stories. ________ the simple act created an extraordinary cultural legacy(遗产) that will doubtless live on.A. ThereforeB. MoreoverC. OtherwiseD. However26.Even though we have made much progress in preventing the air pollution in Beijing, yet much ________ before we can have the blue sky.A. is remained to doB. remains to be doneC. is remained to be doneD. remains to do27.In China hundreds of different dialects(方言) are spoken; people in some villages ________ themselves understood by the people of the next town.A. making trouble haveB. have making troubleC. have trouble makingD. madeSection BA. round offB. in returnC. removeD. interfere withE. tackleF. work outG. composeH. be obsessed withI. contribute to28.Heavy homework loads and increasing screen time on smart phones ________ worsening nearsightedness among urban students.29.The two leaders from Korea agree that they don’t allow any other country to ________ their internal affairs.30.The scene of the magnificent waterfall moved him to ________ a poem.31.People involved in it think it’s a nightmare, but I’m sure things will ________ as planned.32.When taking care of their children, parents offer the children the necessary security and _______they receive love and trust they desire.33.The American government is at a loss to know how to ________ the problem of mass immigration.34.President Xi together with foreign guests toured the exhibition hall to ________ the opening ceremony of the CIIE(进博会).35.The surgeon is now engaged in operating on a patient who needs emergency surgery to ________ a blood clot(凝块) from his brain.Section CA. influentialB. complaintsC. rightsD. pursuitE. involvedF. availableG. impactH. thoughtMany may associate Meghan Markle(梅根·马克尔) with the British royal family or the hit drama series Suits(《金装律师》). But the American actress has also made a name for herself in the activism(社会活动) world by getting __36__ in number of charitable projects. While she has been seen as a key figure in raising global attention to gender equality(性别平等) lately, her activist nature dates back to her elementary school days.One day more than two decades ago, Markle was watching a TV program at school when a dish-washing liquid commercial appeared on the screen. What attracted her attention was its tagline(品牌宣言):“Women all over America are fighting greasy(油腻的) pots and pans.” Two boys from her class said, “Yeah, that’s where women belong – in the kitchen.” Markle felt so shocked and angry at their response that she __37__ to herself, “It just isn’t right and something needs to be done.”After getting home, the young Markle decided to make __38__ to the manufacturer P&G Meanwhile, she wrote to three __39__ women, including former U.S. first lady Hillary Clinton. To Markle’s surprise, she received letters of encouragement from all three women, and a camera crew even came to her house in Los Angeles to cover the story.The campaigning didn’t just encourage discussion and change on a local level either. Roughly a month later, P&G changed the commercial for their dish-washing liquid from “women all over America” to “people all over America.” It was at that moment that Markle realized the importance of her actions. By the age of 11, she had created her small level of __40__ by standing up for gender equality.Looking back on her experience of somehow accidentally becoming a women’s __41__ activist, Markle reminded girls, “It isn’t enough to simply talk about equality. One must believe in it. And it isn’t enough to simply believe in it. One must work at it. Women need a seat at the table; they need an invitation to be seated there. And in some cases where this isn’t __42__, they need to create their own table.”III. Reading ComprehensionSection AScientists in Norway have some good news for coffee drinkers. Researchers have already found evidence that the drink or the beans can help with weight loss, __43__ one’s risk of developing some diseases, promote muscle growth, protect against certain types of cancers and can even reduce one’s risk of premature(早于预期的) death, among many other __44__. Now it is said that a cup of __45__ reduces physical pain. The surprising finding is __46__ a study involving 48 volunteers who agreed to spend 90 minutes performing computer tasks meant to finish office work. The tasks were known to __47__ pain in the shoulders, neck, forearms and wrists. The researchers wanted to __48__ how people with pain and those who were pain-free tolerated(忍受) the pain of such tasks. As a matter of convenience, the scientists allowed people to drink coffee before taking the test “to avoid __49__ effects of caffeine lack, e.g. decreased vigor, sleepiness, and exhaustion.” they reported. When it came time to analyze the data, the researchers from Norway’s National Institute of Occupational Health and Oslo University Hospital noticed that the 19 people who drank coffee reported a __50__ intensity(强度) of pain than the 29 people who didn’t. In the shoulders and neck, __51__ the average pain was rated 41 (on a 100-point scale) among the coffee drinkers and 55 for the non-coffee drinkers. Similar gaps were found for all pain sites measured, and coffee’s obvious pain-reduction effect __52__. However, the authors of the study, which was published this week in the journal, BMC Research Notes, warn that the results of the study come with many __53__. For starters, the researchers don’t know how much coffee the coffee drinkers consumed(消耗) before taking the computer tests. __54__, they doubt whether the coffee drinkers and non-coffee drinkers were __55__ in all aspects except for their coffee consumption. Problems like these tend to __56__ the importance of the findings. But those doubts are __57__ to trouble the coffee drinkers looking for any reason not to cut back on their daily caffeine habit.43. A. take B. reduce C. increase D. face44. A. trends B. advice C. benefits D. promotions45. A. milk B. water C. coke D. coffee46. A. based on B. fond of C. different from D. regarded as47. A. cause B. indicate C. ease D. relieve48. A. warn B. compare C. cure D. treat49. A. unpleasant B. modest C. significant D. positive50. A. lower B. higher C. shorter D. longer51. A. in addition B. as a result C. for example D. in one word52. A. turned up B. took up C. put up D. gave up53. A. satisfaction B. uncertainties C. attention D. response54. A. Moreover B. However C. Otherwise D. Nevertheless55. A. guilty B. similar C. different D. proper56. A. realize B. observe C. measure D. weaken57. A. unlikely B. orderly C. jealous D. capableSection B(A)Leonardo da Vinci was one of the great creative minds of the Italian Renaissance(文艺复兴), not only hugely influential as an artist and sculptor but also immensely talented as an engineer, scientist and inventor.Da Vinci was born on 15 April 1452 near the Tuscan town of Vinci. He was apprenticed(便当学徒) to the sculptor and painter Andrea del Verrocchio in Florence and in 1478 became an independent master. In about 1483, he moved to Milan to work for the ruling Sforza family as an engineer, sculptor, painter and architect. From 1495 to 1497 he produced a mural of The Last Supper in the refectory of the Monastery of Santa Maria delle Grazie, Milan.Da Vinci was in Milan until the city was invaded by the French in 1499 and the Sforza family was forced to flee. He may have visited Venice before returning to Florence. During his time in Florence, he painted several portraits, but the only one that survived was the famous Mona Lisa (1503-1506).In 1506, Da Vinci returned to Milan, remaining there until 1513. This was followed by three years based in Rome. In 1517, at the invitation of the French king Francis I, Leonardo moved to the Chateau of Cloux, near Amboise in France, where he died on 2 May 1519.The fame of Da Vinci’s surviving paintings has meant that he has been regarded primarily as an artist, but the thousands of surviving pages of his notebooks show the most brilliant of minds. He wrote and drew on subjects including geology, anatomy(which he studied in order to paint the human form more accurately), flight, gravity and optics, often moving from subject to subject on a single page, and writing in left-handed mirror script. He “invented” the bicycle, airplane, helicopter, and parachute some 500 years ahead of their time.If all this work had been published in a form easy to understand, Da Vinci’s place as a pioneering scientist would have been beyond dispute. Yet his true genius was not as a scientist or an artist, but as a combination of the two – an ‘artist-engineer.’ His painting was scientific, based on a deep understanding of the workings of the human body and the physics of light and shade. His science was expressed through art, and his drawings and diagrams show what he meant and how he understood the way the world works.58.How many years did Da Vinci spend in Milan altogether?A. 2 years.B. 23 years.C. 7 years.D. 16 years.59.Which of the following places may Da Vince not have visited?A. FlorenceB. FranceC. VeniceD. Rome60.What does the word “anatomy” in Paragraph 5 mean?A. The scientific study of the structure of human or animal bodies.B. The scientific study of people, their societies, cultures, etc.C. The study of ancient societies by examining what remains of their buildings, tools, etc.D. The scientific study of the stars and planets.61.Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?A. Da Vinci passed away at the age of 67 in France.B. Da Vinci tended to focus on several subjects on one single page in his notebook.C. Da Vinci had designed the helicopter centuries before it was actually invented.D. Da Vinci was more of a scientist than an artist because he was a pioneer scientist of his age.(B)Welcome to the Universities Summer School. Since 1982, Eton College has run a residential summer school for students with ambitions to apply to the best universities around the world. The summer school is not about improving A-Level grades but is designed to provide a lively and challenging ten days of study. You choose a subject with which you would like to engage further. We provide dynamic(有活力的) teaching and, more importantly, the company of like-minded students from all over the country with whom you can work and socialize.Number: 130 boys and girlsAccommodation: Individual rooms in Eton boarding housesTeaching: By Eton staff and university lecturersFee: The College subsidizes(给予补贴) the cost of the course. The inclusive fee is £ 450. The fee may be remitted(免除) partially or wholly in case of need. Application for remission of the fee should be made by letter at the time of application.Timetable:● A typical day at the Summer School starts with breakfast at 8:30 a.m.●Lessons begin at 9:30 a.m. with two one-and-a-half-hour sessions running until lunch at 1 p.m.●In the afternoon, there is a further hour of teaching that begins at 2 p.m. It is followed by a programmeof sports and activities ranging from swimming and dance to football and Eton Fives (our own game).●Each student meets their tutor in the late afternoon before the Summer School gathers in one of ourlecture theatres for an evening talk.●Supper is at 7 p.m. Then students go back to their study bedrooms for personal study. The house staffand undergraduate assistants are on hand to support and advise at that time.Please note that our courses are not designed for students wishing only to improve their A-Level grades. Our aim is to give students the enthusiasm and the knowledge to make a really persuasive application to the universities of their choice.If you are a bright and ambitious student, please download an application form and send your application in to us by Mar. 1 of the year you would like to join the course. We look forward to hearing from you!For further details, email the secretary: ecuss@62.Eton’s Summer School offers a ten-day course for ________.A. teenage boys onlyB. students in financial difficulties onlyC. those who want to improve their A-Level gradesD. those who desire a place at a top university63.If Linda, now a Grade Seven student, wants to join Eton’s Summer School when she graduates from middle school, she is supposed to apply by ________.A. Mar. 1, 2019B. Mar. 1, 2020C. Mar. 1, 2021D. Mar. 1, 202264.According to the article, which of the following statements is NOT true?A. Eton’s Summer School has a history of over 30 years.B. Eton’s Summer School students live on campus.C. Eton’s Summer School students have classes from 9:30 a.m. to 3 p.m. except for lunch break.D. Summer School students meet their tutors only on the first day they arrive at Eton.(C)Against the supposition that forest fires in Alaska, Canada and Siberia warm the climate, scientists have discovered that cooling may occur in areas where burnt trees allow more snow to mirror sunlight into space.This finding suggests that taking steps to prevent northern forest fires to limit the release of greenhouse gases may warm the climate in northern regions. Usually large fires destroyed forests in these areas over the past decade. Scientists predict that with climate warming, fires may occur more frequently over the next several centuries as a result of a longer fire season. Sunlight taken in by the Earth tends to cause warming,while heat mirrored back into space tends to cause cooling.This is the first study to analyze all aspects of how northern fires influence climate. Earlier studies by other scientists had suggested that fires in northern regions sped up climate warming because greenhouse gases from burning trees and plants were released into the atmosphere and thus trapped heat.Scientists found that right after the fire, large amounts of greenhouse gases entered the atmosphere and caused warming. Ozone (臭氧) levels increased, and ashes from the fire fell on far­off sea ice, darkening the surface and causing more radiation from the sun to be taken in. The following spring, however, the landscape within the area of the fire was brighter than before the fire, because fewer trees covered the ground. Snow on the ground mirrored more sunlight back into space, leading to cooling.“We need to find out all possible ways to reduce the growth of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere,” scientists said. They tracked the change in the amount of radiation entering and leaving the climate system as a result of the fire, and found a measurement closely related to the global air temperature. Typically, fire in northern regions occurs in the same area every 80 to 150 years. Scientists, however, found that when fire occurs more frequently, more radiation is lost from the Earth and cooling results. Specifically, they determined when fire returns 20 years earlier than predicted, 0.5 watts per square meter of area burned are soaked up by the Earth from greenhouse gases, but 0.9 watts per square meter will be sent back into space. The net effect is cooling. Watts are used to measure the rate at which energy is gained or lost from the Earth.65.According to the new findings, efforts to prevent northern forest fires may _______.A. lead to a longer fire seasonB. be followed by more forest firesC. help safeguard the forests thereD. give rise to a warming climate66.The following are the immediate effects after a forest fire EXCEPT that ________.A. large amounts of greenhouse gases enter the atmosphereB. the levels of ozone increaseC. snow on the ground mirrors more sunlight back into spaceD. ashes from the fire fall on the ice and darken the surface67.Earlier studies about northern forest fires _______.A. had appealed to the public for more action to protect the environmentB. had suggested that the fires would speed up climate warmingC. had explained all aspects of how northern fires would influence the climateD. had indicated that forest fires would cause pollution in the atmosphere68.It can be concluded that forest fires in Alaska, Canada and Siberia may ________.A. warm the climate as the assumption(假设) goesB. make more space for the growth of young treesC. help to gain more energy rather than release more energyD. cool the climate by reflecting(反射) more sunlight back into atmosphereSection CA. I suggest 20 minutes in one language and then switch to the other language for another 20 minutes.B. Since you are also teaching someone your native tongue in exchange for learning theirs, it’s a win-win situation and you both learn something for free!C. For this reason, I recommend taking the initiative to learn on your own using an online language software before reaching out to others to help you.D. It really is an all-in-one interactive package that makes learning fun.E. Everyone learns differently, so it is important that you discuss what method will work for both of you and how your exchanges are conducted.F. Learning on your own has many benefits.If you ever wanted to learn a new language, I recommend that you test the waters on your own before working with a teacher. __69__ You can set your own goals and track your progress of how you are doing and it forces you to be more proactive and take greater initiative(主动性) for your own learning. Here are three easy steps for learning a language on your own!Step 1: Online Language SitesLearning always begins with the self. __70__ The first time I tried to learn French online, I used Babbel, and I loved it! I love their site because it is very interactive and makes learning more interesting! They don’t make you learn a lot of information at once. Instead, it breaks it down in chapters and introduces only a few vocabulary each time. Then, it tests your memory using multiple choice and fill-in-the-blanks. Finally, it ends off with a listening comprehension session, where you learn how the words are now used in the context of a real conversation.Step 2: Find a Language PartnerOnce you have started to grasp some basic grammar and vocabulary, it is time to find someone topractice with you! Personally, this is my favorite part because I like meeting and helping people, so this is killing two birds with one stone. __71__ For many years, I have used Conversation Exchange to help me find a language partner when I am in a new city. However, if you prefer an online conversation, they can also do that too!Step 3: Practice Makes Perfect!Take some time to meet a few language partners before you decide who is going to work best for your learning style. __72__ One way that I like to practice is to try to create sentences on my own, for example, “I like to ________ in my free time.” Since I don’t know the word in my target language, I will be forced to look it up in the dictionary to complete my sentence. I have learned a new word in the context of a sentence. Therefore, I have a better memory association since I actively used it.第II卷I. Fill in the blanks with the proper forms of the verbs given.73.In the last 20 years, a large amount of money ________ (spend) on biking in Copenhagen, the capital of Denmark, and the city now has several new bridges only for biking and walking.74.WeChat is a great way ________ (keep) in touch with people and quickly broadcast information about where you are and what you are doing.75.Men, after all, have significantly fewer choices than women, when it comes to ________ (make) indirect communication through clothing.76.According to a housing research organization, the house price in China ________ (rise) to its high point by the end of last year.II. Translation77.时尚模特的衣着和发型在老年人看来可能很奇怪，但是许多年轻人喜欢追随潮流并且想要穿得像模特儿一样。