语篇翻译语篇翻译一、出题形式1.以一篇短文的形式出现:3个：英译汉2个：汉译英2.考纲要求考查对中西文化差异的了解；对常用短语、习惯用语和重要句型的运用；对句子结构、语法知识的掌握对简单的翻译技巧的掌握。
二、考查重点1、各类重要句型结构（定语从句等）2、搭配（动词短语，名词短语）、3、重点词的用法及习惯表达、4、主要语法规则及其运用等5、简单的翻译技巧（省略、补充，词义选择引申、词性转换、长句拆分、逆序翻译等）。
三、解题指导1.通读短文，了解大意。
2.分析要求翻译的句子的结构、类型、时态3.调序、润色。
4.切不可逐字逐句地翻译四、翻译技巧指导：（易错点、难点）1.连词的翻译and : 和、与（1）Lucy and her mother often go shopping on weekends.露西和她妈妈经常周末去购物。
(不可省）（2）Young people and older people do not always agree. They sometimes have different ideas about living, working and playing.（3）The sun is bright,and the sky is clear.太阳是明亮的，和天空是干净的。
(X)（4）He left the company in March last year and went to Harvard as a visiting scholar.（5）However ,they worry about their schoolwork and can't fall asleep quickly. （6）他不开心，不知道如何处理这件事。
注：解题策略英语中连词用得多，汉语中连词用得少。
英译汉时，有些连词可以省译。
汉译英，要适当增加连词，成文连贯。
如：Though it isn’t like a table, I like it very much.虽然它看起来不像张桌子，但是我很喜欢它。
（成对使用）虽然那个梦想没有实现，但是现在他成功了注：解题策略英语中“though”、“but”/ “because”、“so”只能用其中之一，但汉语中“虽然……但是”、“因为……所以”等句式结构要可以成对使用。
2.定语从句的翻译Guilin is a place where there are mountains and rivers.He refused to give up the goal which is very clear.解题策略：对于较短的定语从句，英译汉时，可译成带“的”的前置定语,可把复合句译成简单句He was very thankful to the land where he grew up.I met an old man who asked me to pay attention to health.解题策略：对于结构复杂且较长的定语从句，在英译汉时，可将其后置，将整个句子结构译成并列句，并重复先行词。
They should keep away from those jobs which can have bad influence on their lives.（长句拆分）3.it 句型的翻译解题策略：引导词it做形式主语、形式宾语时，本身没有独立意义,可以省译。
熟记it 句型：It be + adj (for sb) to do sth.It takes sb （some time) to do sth.I find/think it +adj to do sth.It was difficult to remember all the faces and names.I think it hard for them to understand your joke=It took the volunteers the whole afternoon to clean up the park.4.否定转移的翻译I don’t think he can pass the exam.我认为他不可能通过这次考试I don't believe that he can speak to the old so impolitely。
我相信他不会对老人那么无礼说话。
解题策略：当主句部分是“I don’t think” ，“I don’t believe”，“I don’t suppose” 等结构时，翻译成汉语时，要注意。
我认为我们不该浪费时间我相信他不会抽烟。
5被动语态的翻译被动语态的句子有时有“被”有时无“被”，一定认真分析主动还是被动。
熟记被动语态的各种时态：一般现在时：一般过去时：一般将来词：现在完成时：情态动词的被动语态：The blue sky is reflected（映衬）in the deep blue lake.蓝蓝的天空映衬在深蓝色的湖水中（无“被”）Some of his works are translated into English,French and Japanese.（有“被”）我们学校是2011年建的。
6.汉译英存在的主要问题（1）时态、语态不对。
（2）句子结构不完整：缺主语、缺谓语、动词堆砌（3）中文式语序：时间、地点等状语按中文习惯放在动词之前（4）动词直接做主语、表语、宾语（5）固定短语、固定句型没有掌握好汉译英：诊断、改错（1）他生于1955年，在山东的一个小村庄长大。
He born in 1955, in Shandong a small village grow up.---->（2）我非常喜欢看电视I very like watch TV.--->（语序，搭配）（3）玩太多的电游对你的眼睛有害Play too much computer games is bad for your eyes.---->（4）最主要的事情是平衡好学业和兼职工作The most important thing is balance shoolwork and part-time jobs. ---->（5）每当我参加聚会，我的朋友就鼓励我唱歌。
When I take part in the party, my friends encourage me sing.---->湖南2017中考试题研究·英语题库英汉互译型话题一介绍类Passage 1Let me tell you about my hometown. I live in Kinsale. It may be one of the smallest towns in Southern Ireland, but it is also the most famous one.1. The fish restaurants are very wonderful and there are many good cooks here. They cook the best fish for the visitors.2. 食物昂贵但是人们非常喜欢它。
So you can see many people from different countries in every restaurant.My town is very beautiful because it is by the sea. 3. In summer it is very cool and you can go swimming in the sea. There are three small shops and you can buy your friends many souvenirs there. 4. They are very cheap and you just need to pay a little money for them.The people in my town are friendly. 5. 他们会和你交朋友。
If you feel sick, there is a clinic (诊所) with a doctor and a nurse. I’m Andy. You can ask me for help when you have some trouble. I think you will enjoy the holiday.1. ___________________________________________2. ___________________________________________3. ___________________________________________4. ___________________________________________5. ___________________________________________【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。
文章主要介绍了“我”的家乡金塞尔的一些情况。
1. 鱼餐厅非常棒并且这里有很多好的厨师。
【解析】The fish restaurants鱼餐厅；and和，并且；there are为固定句型，表示“有”；cooks厨师。
2. The food is expensive but people enjoy/like it very much.【解析】昂贵expensive；但是but；喜欢enjoy/like。
3. 夏天它很凉爽，你可以在海里游泳。
【解析】In summer在夏天；cool凉爽的；go swimming 游泳。
4. 它们非常便宜，你只需要为它们付很少的钱。
【解析】cheap便宜的，廉价的；need需要；pay…for…为……支付……。
5. They can make friends with you.【解析】交朋友make friends，为固定短语。
Passage 2How much does a boy weigh? I’m afraid no one could believe a 10-year-old boy can weigh up to 192kg. A 10-year-old Indonesian boy, Arya Permana is such a boy, who was called “the world’s fattest child”. Now he has been on diet according to the doctors’ warning, because extreme obesity is threatening his life.Arya is from a village in Indonesia. 1. His weight has left him unable to walk, making him unable to go to school. He has to wear a sarong(围裙) because his parents were no longer able to find clothes that fit him. 2. What’s more, he often suffers from shortness of breath, and can only sleep with his head against a wall to help him breath.3. 他现在每天吃五餐。