考点八十七阅读理解之人物传记类1.熟悉人物介绍文特点人物传记是高考英语阅读理解题重要题材，它主要向读者介绍科学家、文学家、思想家、政治家和企业家等杰出人物在各行各业所取得的重大成就，并特别着重介绍这些杰出人物如何克服自身身体残缺或自然环境和社会环境所造成的各种困难，用强烈的事业心和责任感、用汗水和泪水、用鲜血和青春为人类做出巨大贡献，为生命谱写精彩乐章。

当然这些杰出人物留给社会的不仅仅是和平发展和经济效益，更重要的是，他们对事业的追求和对人民的厚爱成为我们这个时代最重要的精神财富。

2.熟悉人物介绍文命题规律(1)人物时段介绍判断题这种试题往往以What is the article mainly about? What life part of the hero is mentioned in the text? 为设问方式考查对人物时段介绍的判断。

因为人物传记往往介绍杰出人物一生学习、工作和生活情况，因此这种试题往往以The life of the hero.或The whole life of the hero is mentioned in our text.为答案。

这种试题也可转换形式，以How old is the hero now? How old was the hero when he died? How many years did he live?为设问方式。

因为人物传记往往要从人物出生介绍到现在/人物死亡，因此推算这些试题答案时，应仔细分析思考人物的起止年龄。

(2)童年生活质量判断题人物传记常出现What do we know about his childhood?之类的试题。

杰出人物为什么有超强的毅力和惊人的吃苦精神？因为他们从小身处逆境饱尝生活艰辛，从此发奋努学*科*网力，全力实现心中理想，因此这种试题答案多为：He lived a hard life.或He had an unhappy childhood.或He didn抰live as happy as the other children.(3)人物简历正确顺序判断题人物传记的最大特点就是记叙人物一生的经历，因此人物简历正确顺序判断题是常考试题，这种试题往往从人物全部活动中挑选4~6个重要活动并打乱其顺序，要求学生重新排序，并选择相应正确答案。

解题时应先阅读试题中所列4~6个重大事件，力争对事件有一定印象，然后回到原文中重新阅读原文，并从事件的发生、发展、高潮及事件发生的前因后果等角度仔细排列事件发生的前后顺序。

解题时切忌使用一一代入法，因为这么做看似可行，其实费时又费力，而且这么做难度加大，极易产焦虑心理，陷入恶性循环。

(4)人物名言理解判断题杰出人物经过长期默默无闻的努力终获成功后，一定会引起人们强烈关注，因此媒体采访其先进事迹并加以褒扬和宣传是理所当然的事。

而最成功的人往往又是最谦虚的人，尤其是杰出人物平凡甚至卑微的出生让他们觉得自己的成功算不上什么，不值得大竖特竖，因此这些杰出人物谦虚的语言往往成为新闻媒体更为关注的内容，这也成了杰出人物最能打动人们的地方。

因此人物传记阅读理解常出现人物名言理解判断题。

这些试题往往以“… ”means_________.为设问方式考查对人物名言的学@科@网正确理解。

其答案往往为Iam ordinary或I抦nothing. 或I抦just so-so等。

(5)人物成功原因判断题杰出人物的成功为社会创造了巨大的精神财富和物质财富，人们不禁会探究其成功秘诀，使之转化为新的生产力，因此人物传记阅读理解常出现人物成功原因判断题。

这些试题往往以Why did the hero finally succeed？或What is the secret of the hero抯success?或What can we learn from the hero抯success?为设问方式考查对人物成功因素的判断。

其答案往往为“He/S he is not easy to bow before difficulties.或He /She never gives in to all kinds of hardships. 或He/She never gives up/loses heart in face of failure.或He/She has strong perseverance.或He/She has strong self-belief等。

”(6)人物性格判断题人们常所说有成就的人往往是有个性的人，可以说正是杰出人物的独特个性铸就了他的成功，因此探究人物个性也成了人物传记阅读理解重要题型，不过这种试题与人物成功原因判断题有异曲同工之处，其回答也大同小异，这里不再赘述。

(7)人物重要成果判断题所有人物介绍文均会介绍杰出人物重要成果，因此常出现人物重要成果判断题，这种试题常以What was the use of...?...would solve....为设问方式，解题时应认真阅读原文对人物重要成果的介绍及其主要作用和现实意义，从而准确解答试题。

(8)人物困难判断题杰出人物的成功不是一帆风顺的，都会出现重大困难，因此人物介绍文常出现人物困难判断题，这种试题常以What was the biggest difficulty that...faced? ...failed to continue his research work because...，解题时应认真阅读原文对人物困难的描绘，将所遇困难进行排列，并弄清其最大困难是什么，以便准确做题。

(9)人物地位判断题杰出人物可能逝世多年，但人们是不会忘记他们的，人们是会公平评价他们的历史地位的，因此人物介绍文常出现人物地位判断题，这种试题常以From the passage, we can infer that....或According to the passage,...was...为设问方式，解题时应认真阅读原文对人物重大贡献及社会影响进行介绍的内容，从而准确解答试题。

阅读这类文章，应特别注意对任务的外貌、语言、动作、思想的描写，进而把握人物性格特点和作者的情感态度。

命题以细节为主，推理为辅。

那么怎样准备理解细节呢？首先，从问题中找到关键词，然后以此为线索，运用略读和查阅的技巧在文中寻找细节，找到后再把这一部分内容仔细阅读，迅速比较选项和文中细节的区别。

若是叙述性的文章，要读懂起因、经过、结果。

若是故事性文章应读懂故事的发生、发展、高潮、结局。

它们是我们读懂故事所必需的。

若是幽默故事，应体会风趣的对话、特别的动作，它们是幽默的精髓。

【2018·浙江卷 A 】In 1812, the year Charles Dickens was born, there were 66 novels published in Britain. People had been writing novels for a century—most experts date the first novel to Robinson Crusoe in1719—but nobody wanted to do it professionally. The steam-powered printing press was still in its early stages; the literacy（识字）rate in England was under 50%. Many works of fiction appeared without the n ames of the authors, often with something like “By a lady.”Novels, for the most part, were looked upon as silly, immoral, or just plain bad.In 1870, when Dickens died, the world mourned him as its first professional writer and publisher, famous and beloved, who had led an explosion in both the publication of novels and their readership and whose characters — from Oliver Twist to Tiny Tim— were held up as moral touchstones. Today Dickens’ greatness is unchallenged. Removing him from the pantheon（名人堂）of English literature would make about as much sense as the Louvre selling off the Mona Lisa.How did Dickens get to the top? For all the feelings readers attach to stories, literature is a numbers game, and the test of time is extremely difficult to pass. Some 60,000 novels were published during the Victorian age, from 1837 to1901; today a casual reader might be able to name a half-dozen of them. It’s partly true that Dickens’ style of writing attracted audiencesfrom all walks of life. It’s partly that his writings rode a wave of social, political and scientific progress. But it’s also that he rewrote the culture of literature and put himself at the center. No one will ever know what mix of talent, ambition, energy and luck made Dickens such a singular writer. But as the 200th anniversary of his birth approaches, it is possible — and important for our own culture—to understand how he made himself a lasting one.21. Which of the following best describes British novels in the 18th century?A. They were difficult to understand.B. They were popular among the rich.C. They were seen as nearly worthless.D. They were written mostly by women.22. Dickens is compared with the Mona Lisa in the text to stress________.A. his reputation in FranceB. his interest in modern artC. his success in publicationD. his importance in literature23. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?A. To remember a great writer.B. To introduce an English novel.C. To encourage studies on culture.D. To promote values of the Victorian age.【2018·天津卷B】When I was 17, I read a magazine article about a museum called the McNay, once the home of a watercolorist named Marian McNay. She had requested the community to turn it into a museumupon her death. On a sunny Saturday, Sally and I drove over to the museum. She asked, "Do you have the address? ""No, but I'll recognize it, there was a picture in the magazine. ""Oh, stop. There it is!”The museum was free. We entered, excited. A group of people sitting in the hall stopped talking and stared at us."May I help you?" a man asked. "No, "I said. "We're fine.” Tour guides got on my nerves. What if they talked a long time about a painting you weren't that interested in? Sally had gone upstairs. The people in the hall seemed very nosy(爱窥探的), keeping their eyes on me with curiosity. What was their problem? I saw some nice sculptures in one room. Suddenly I sensed a man standing behind me. "Where do you think you are? " he asked. I turned sharply. "The McNay Art Museum!" He smiled, shaki ng his head. "Sorry, the McNay is on New Braunfels Street." "What’s this place?” I asked, still confused. "Well, it's our home." My heart jolted(震颤). I raced to the staircase and called out, "Sally! Come down immediately! ""There's some really good stuff(艺术作品) up there." She stepped down, looking confused. I pushed her toward the front door, waving at the family, saying, "Sorry, please forgive us, you have a really nice place." Outside, when I told Sally what happened, she covered her mouth, laughing. She couldn't believe how long they let us look around without saying anything.The real McNay was splendid, but we felt nervous the whole time we were there. Van Gogh, Picasso. This time, we stayed together, in case anything else unusual happened.Thirty years later, a woman approached me in a public place. "Excuse me, did you ever enter a residence, long ago, thinking it was the McNay Museum?""Yes. But how do you know? We never told anyone.""That was my home. I was a teenager sitting in the hall. Before you came over, I never realized what a beautiful place I lived in. I never felt lucky before. You thought it was a museum. My feelings about my home changed after that. I've always wanted to thank you."41. What do we know about Marian McNay?A. She was a painter.B. She was a community leader.C. She was a museum director.D. She was a journalist.42. Why did the author refuse the help from the man in the house?A. She disliked people who were nosy.B. She felt nervous when talking to strangers.C. She knew more about art than the man.D. She mistook him for a tour guide.43. How did the author feel about being stared at by the people in the hall?A. Puzzled.B. Concerned.C. Frightened.D. Delighted.44. Why did the author describe the real McNay museum in just a few words?A. The real museum lacked enough artwork to interest her.B. She was too upset to spend much time at the real museum.C. The McNay was disappointing compared with the house.D. The event happening in the house was more significant.45. What could we learn from the last paragraph?A. People should have good taste to enjoy life.B. People should spend more time with their family.C. People tend to be blind to the beauty around them.D. People tend to educate teenagers at a museum.【答案】41. A 42. D 43. A 44. D 45. C【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。