- 1 - 高 中 英 语 语 法 系 列
动词时态和语态
动词时态
I.一般现在时
一般现在时表示现在的习惯或反复的动作，常与 every day , once a week , often , seldom ,
sometimes 等时间状语连用。如：
(1) Tom writes to his father once a month .
考点1 ：某些动词如 go , be , come , leave , take off , start , return , 它们的一般现在时表示安排或计划好的将来动作。如：
(2) The plane takes off at 9 .
(3) 暑假7月1日开始。
________________.
(4) 到重庆的火车9点到达。
________________________.
考点2 ：在表示时间或条件状语从句里，动词的一般式代替一般将来时。如：
(5) When he comes , please tell him to wait .
(6) As soon as I arrive in Beijing , I will write to you .
(7) 如果你没有收到邀请，就不要来。
Unless ____________________________ .
考点3 ：在间接引语里，客观真理用现在时。
(8) Our teacher told them that the earth travels around the sun .
II.一般过去时
一般过去时表示过去的事情，状态，动作，常和 yesterday , two days ago , just now , the
other day , last week 等连用。如：
(9) Tom was thin when he was a boy .
考点1 ：过去一连串的动作并列时，都用过去时。
(10) I went to the market , bought some bananas , and visited my uncle .
考点 2 ：表过去某一时间内经常或反复发生的动作行为，也可用used to do /would do.如：
(11) He is not what he used to be .
(12) He would study hard deep into the night when he was a student .
考点 3 ：注意瞬间过去时
(13) I didn’t you were in Beijing .
(14) I though you were from the USA.
III.一般将来时
一般将来时表示未来的动作或状态。常与某些表将来的时间状语连用。如 tomorrow , next
week , from now on , in a week 等。如：
(15) I will take a bus to the city this afternoon .
考点 1 ：in + 一段时间，应用将来时；而 after + 一段时间，应用过去时。如：
(16) He will be back in two weeks / in two weeks / in two-week time / two weeks away .
(17) He was back after two weeks / two weeks later .
考点 2 ：其它一些表示一般将来的方式：
be going to - 2 - be about to do 即将…, 要…；
The train is about to leave in two minutes . ( F )
The train is about to leave .
be to do即将或注定要发生
The president is to visit China .
The experiment is to be carried out this afternoon .
be + 动词 ing
When are you leaving ? On Sunday .
IV.现在进行时
现在进行时表正在进行的动作或状态。如：
(18) He is writing a letter at present .
考点 ：常与 always , often , all time 等连用，表习惯性动作，且带有浓厚的感情色彩。如：
(19) 你一直做得不错。
____________________ .
(20) They are talking too much all the time .
V. 现在完成时
现在完成时表示现在刚完成的动作，常用时间状语 already ,yet , not …yet , just , by this
time 等。如：
(21) I have just met a foreigner . Cf . I met a foreigner just now .
考点 1 ：表示过去持续到现在的动作或状态，常与 for , since 连用。即：
主语+has / have + done + for + 一段时间 / since + 过去某时间。
(22) 我好久没见到他了。
I ______________________.
(23) 自从我进入巴县中学来，我已经结交了很多朋友。
I have met a lot of friends since I entered Baxian Middle School .
考点 2 ：瞬间动词（如 die , arrive , get , come , buy , sell 等）的现在完成时不能与一段时间连用，需换成其它形式。
(24) 这本书他已买了两天了。
He has bought the book for two days . ( F )
He has had the book for two days . ( T )
He bought the book two days ago . ( T )
It’s two days since he bought the book . ( T )
考点 3 ：in / for / during + the last / past + 一段时间 多与现在完成式连用。
(25) Great changes have taken place for the last 20 years in China .
(26) China was poor in the past .
考点 4 ：注意同现在完成进行时的区分 have / has been doing .
(27) I have been learning English since 1999 .
VI. 过去完成时
过去完成时指过去某个动作发生以前的动作,即“过去的过去”；常与 by ,by the end of ,
before , for , since 等连用。如：
(28) The train had gone before we reached the station .
(29) By the time he was 12 , he had learned English well .
(30) I had done my homework before you came here . - 3 - 考点 1 ：句型 hardly … when …; no sooner … than … 一… 就…
(31) Hardly had he begun to speak when the others interrupted him .
(32) No sooner had he arrived at the station than the train left .
考点 2 ：动词 hope , plan , mean , want , think 的过去完成时表示一个本来打算做而没有做的事。如：
(33) We had hoped to catch the 3:30 train , but we found it gone .
(34) I had planned to attend the meeting the night before , but someone called on me .
考点 3 ：同一般过去时，现在完成时的区分
(35) 生命30000年前就开始了。
________________________.
(36) 在过去20年，我们学校发生了很大的变化。
____________________________________________________ .
(37) 到中午的时候我已经做完了作业。
______________________________________________________ .
VII.过去进行时
考点 1 ：过去在做某事不一定做完用过去进行时。如：
(38) He was writing a book but I don’t whether he had finished it .
考点 2 ：过去某个时候在做某事。如：
(39) When I said someone was stupid , I wasn’t referring to you .
(40) --- Be careful ! You might run unto a car .
--- Sorry , I wasn’t noticing / I didn’t notice .
VIII.过去将来时
IX. 将来完成时
(41) By the end of next month , we will have finished the task .
X. 将来进行时
(42) At 7 this evening , I will be watching TV.
被动语态
考点 1 ：不及物动词没有被动语态 ，如：happen , take place , break out , come about ,
occur , belong to , last , look , smell 等。
(43) A sports meet will take place in our school next week .( = A sports meet will be held …)
(44) A fire broke out in the center of the city .
考点 2 ：某些动词以主动形式表示被动意义，尤其主于事物时。如：
(45) The books sell well .
(46) The pen writes quite smoothly .
(47) The door won’t lock .
考点 3 ：当句子的主要动词是 say , believe , think , know , consider , hope 等时，使用被动语态时有两种方式。
(48) People think he is a good student .
It’s thought that he is a good student . (=He is thought to be a good student .)
He is considered to have invented the first computer .