莞曦学习中心备课笔记姓名：梁诗睿年级：初二升初三科目：英语日期：7.12课前测试1．Hurry up!The play for ten minutes. ( C )A.has begunB.had begunC.has been onD.began2．Have you ever seen him ？（ C ）A.agoB.two days agoC.beforeD.just now3．I never there before. ( B )A.have;been toB.have;beenC.have;gone toD.have;gone知识点归纳现在完成时/ 现在完成进1.知识点概述现在完成时（Present perfect）过去发生并且已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果，过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在的动作或状态。
简而言之即过去发生并且已经完成且持续了一段时间的。
接触一：肯定句式现在完成时的肯定句式是“have（has）＋过去分词”。
如：①We have just finished our homework．②She has gone home．注意：1）该句式中的have或has是助动词，has用于第三人称单数，其它人称一律用have。
2）该句式中have（has）和过去分词之间可用just插入。
3）把该句式译成汉语时，往往用“已经”、“刚刚”、“过”或“了”等。
接触二：否定句式：现在完成时的否定句式是“haven't（hasn't）＋过去分词”。
如：⑥We haven‘t studied Unit 2 yet．⑦The train hasn't stopped yet．接触三：疑问句式现在完成时的一般疑问句式是把助动词have或has提到主语之前。
③Have you read this story book yet？特殊疑问句及反意疑问句结构如下：④What have you done with my bike?⑤You have read this story book, haven't you?注意：1）现在完成时的一般疑问句往往在句末加yet。
2）把现在完成时的一般疑问句译成汉语时，往往译成“……过吗？”、“已经……了吗？”等。
3）其肯定回答用“Yes，．．．have（has）．”，否定回答用“No，．haven't（hasn't）．”，有时用“No，not yet．”或“No，never．”。
2.知识点过去分词（规则＋ed）1）Worked，visited，asked，played，stayed 2）liked lived moved3）stopped dropped robbed planned，preferred 4）carried，worried，tried，cried (详见下节课不规则动词表）3.知识点现在完成时常与一些词、词组连用:1、ever（曾）、never（未曾）、already（已经）、yet（仍、还）、just （刚刚）、before（以前)2、for +一段时间:for two days 有两天了3. in the past/last＋一段时间:in the past ten years 在刚过去的十年里4. since + 过去某一个时间:since 1991 : 自从1991年到现在一段时间+ ago since 14 years ago: 自从14年前到现在一般过去时句子: since I was born : 自从我出生到现在already, yet, ever, never, just的用法①、Already 肯定句，强调已经的意,放句中或句末.I have already finished my homework.= I have finished my homework already.②、yet 否定句、问句，表示还没，没有的意思,放句末He hasn’t finished his homework yet.Has he finished his homework yet?③、ever 问句，表示曾经的意思Has John ever been to Zhuhai?④、never 含否定意思的肯定句，表示从没的意思He has never been to China.⑤、just 肯定句，表示刚刚的意思I have just come back from China.练习：用already, yet, ever, never, just填空1. Have you seen the film ( yet )?2. Have you done your homework ( yet )?-Not ( yet ), I will do it after supper.3. Have you ( ever ) been to England? -no, ( never ).4. I have ( already ) finished reading the book.5. I have ( already ) paid for the car.4.知识点for, since及how longFor + 时间段：表示某个动作持续了多长时间Joey has been in New York for 10 years.Since + 时间点（具体时间/ … ago/ 某个动作发生的时间）：表示某个动作是从什么时候开始的，间接地表示这个动作持续的时间Joey has been in New York since 1996.Joey has been in New York since ten years ago.Joey has been in New York since he first arrived.两者都可以回答由How long引导的问题。
How long has Joey been in New York?练习：用for, since及how long填空1. The wind has blown ( for ) 2 hours.2. The dog has stayed there ( since ) it ate its dinner.3. ( How long ) has the old man lain in bed?4. The teacher has thought about the problem ( since ) yesterday.5. The horse has run ( for ) quite a long time.6. The ducks have swum ( for ) thirty minutes.7. The poor child has worn the old clothes ( since ) 7 years old.5.知识点have been to, have gone toHave (has) been to表示曾经到过某地（通常现在已经回来了）My mother has been to London twice. 妈妈去过两次伦敦。
（妈妈现在已经回来了，在家）Have (has) gone to 表示已经去了某地（通常不在说话的地方）My mother has gone to London. 妈妈去了伦敦。
（妈妈现在就在伦敦，不在家）练习：1. Jenny is well-traveled. She has ____been__________ to Germany twice.2. Jane isn’t in now. She has _______gone_______ to the office. Can I take a message?3. My father is a successful businessman. He’s _____been_________ to many countries.4. It’s a dangerous place. Nobody has ever _______been_______there.5. The manager has _____gone_________to Beijing. He will be back tomorrow.6. The tiger of the zoo is missing. None of us knows where it has____gone__________.6、知识点瞬间动词和持续性动词用于完成时的区别延续动词表示经验、经历；瞬间动词表示行为的结果，不能与表示段的时间状语连用。
He has completed the work.他已完成了那项工作。
(表结果)I've known him since then.我从那时起就认识他了。
(表经历)Julia has borrowed the book. Julia已经借了那本书。
Julia has kept the book for 3 days. Julia已借了三天这本书了。
瞬间动词不能和表示一段时间的时间状语连用,但是他可以转换成相应的延续性动词.1.直接用延续性动词buy– have catch(get) a cold –have a cold borrow—keep Come/go /become—beput on-- wear2.转换成be+名词join the army – be a soldierJoin the Party –be a Party membergo to school– be a student3转换成be+形容词或副词die—be dead finish – be over begin—be onleave—be away fall sleep – be asleep close – be closed4.转换成be+介词短语go to school– be in school join the army – be in the army1.我们买这本书三年了.We bought the book three years agoWe have kept the book for three years.（同义句转化）2.他感冒三天了.He caught a cold three days ago.He has had a cold for three days.（同义句转化）1.His uncle _____have been dead_______ (die) for two years.7.知识点现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调的是现在的情况，所以它不能和过去具体的时间连用,而过去时可以.一般过去时常和过去时间短语连用。