如何提高学生在完形填空中的猜词填空能力完形填空要求考生在一篇约280个词的短文中，根据语境，选出最佳选项，把文章还原成一篇内容完整，行文连贯，符合逻辑的文章。

尽管目前广东高考的完形填空较为容易，但不少考生还是在该部分失分惨重。

究其原因，不外两点：其一，学生的词汇贫乏，读不懂内容；其二，做题时脱离语境，忽略或找不到文章里面的线索词（clue words），仅仅凭着自己的主观臆念对某个选项先入为主，甚至“一见钟情”。

基于此，笔者就自己多年从教高三的经验，结合平时如何训练学生解答完形填空来谈谈个人的一些粗浅的看法。

笔者在常规的教学中，很重视提高学生在完形填空中的猜词能力。

要求学生在具体的语境中补全句子就是笔者的教学手段之一。

譬如：请根据句子语境进行逻辑推断，在空格处填入一个适当的词，使句子结构完整，语意连贯。

（注：请读者务必先自己独立完成，然后再看下面的答案与分析）1. she is so ________ that many young men are fascinated by her.2. the problem is so _______ that none of my classmates is able to work it out.3. i ________ his plan because i don’t think it’s practical or realistic.4. having lost the keys，mary was _________.5. doing sports regularly ________ our health.6. the village is _________ from the downtown and it takes at least three hours to go to town by bus.7. i failed to catch the bus and had to go home on foot. in other words，i ________ the bus and had to ________ home.8. she forgot to ________ the alarm clock so that she overslept. as a result，she was ________ for work，which ______ her boss，who yelled at her and claimed that he would ________ her.9. facing a large audience，at first he felt a little _________ and spoke in a low voice. gradually he calmed himself down and raised his ________ to make himself _________ by all the people.显然，不同的学生会得出迥然不同的答案。

如：1. 学生填的答案有pretty，beautiful，attractive，charming，good-looking，lovely，cute等，甚至有的学生连sexy也想到了，这是笔者在备课时始料不及的。

2. 学生会往“这个问题难”这个方向来想，因此他们说出了hard， difficult， tough， challenging， complex， complicated 等答案。

3.“这个计划不实用不现实”，很明显“我反对”，disagree with，object to，oppose，am opposed to，am against等。

4.“不见了钥匙”，当然很 sorry， worried，anxious，sad，unhappy，upset，depressed，discouraged，frustrated等。

5. 做运动对身体“好”，可填benefits， is good for， is beneficial to， does good to，或者可以“增强体质”，用strengthens。

6.“坐车至少要三个小时”，路程“遥远”，填far， distant，remote皆可。

7. failed to catch the bus也就是miss the bus；同理，go home on foot 等同于walk home。

8. 睡过头（overslept），忘记“调（set）”闹钟，结果“迟到”，用be late for，老板自然不高兴；鼓励学生猜词性（动词，annoyed，irritated），因此老板“扬言”要“开除/解雇（fire ，dismiss）”她。

9. 面对一大片观众，感到有点“紧张（nervous， tense， uneasy 等）”，提高“嗓音（voice）”为了让别人“听到（heard）”。

除了以单句的形式来训练学生的猜词能力外，以篇章为单位更是一种充满挑战性的方式。

例如，我曾经多次要求我的学生根据语境来补全篇章所缺的单词，并把其在文章中所对应的线索词找出来。

譬如：请根据短文的语境进行逻辑推断，在空格处填入一个适当的词，使句子结构完整，语意连贯。

（注：请读者务必先自己独立完成，然后再看下面的答案与分析）on april 19，we were told to leave school and stay at home because of a new disease called sars. we started an 1 holiday.it’s not very 2 for us to stay at home all day. i think going to school is much better than staying at home， although our classes are sometimes boring. it would be good to see my classmates because i started to 3 them so much.after two weeks， my parents 4 me to the great wall. i felt glad when i was able to be outside again. it was not 5 there because few people were leaving their houses because of sars.my school had asked me to do a special job during this unusual holiday. every day i 6 ten of my classmates and reminded them to take their temperature. i also asked them whether they had done their homework. then i gave the 7 to our teacher. this was a lot of fun. i had never made so many phone calls to my 8 before.it’s the end of the month now. nobody knows how long this holiday will 9 . when we go back to school，i hope everything will return to normal and 10 will never come back again.等学生完成后，笔者提问，然后他们分别给出以下的答案：1. 由后文的倒数第二段中的第一句话 ... this unusual holiday可知，填unusual。

2. 学生有的填了good，有的填了nice，甚至有的填了fun 或funny，追问原由，其解释是根据第二段 i think going to school is much better than staying at home， although our classes are sometimes boring。

3. 由“见到同学总是好的”可知，“我”开始“想念”他们了，故填miss。

4. 由文意推出：父母“带”我去游览长城，故填took。

5. 由few people were leaving their houses ... 可知，在长城那里很少人，不“拥挤”，故填crowded。

6. 学生说读到文章这里想不出答案，但是看到后文的 i had never made so many phone calls ... 就知道填called，phoned 或rang了。

7.“我”打电话给同学们提醒他们量体温和做作业的情况，然后把“结果”告诉了老师，因此，有的学生在该空填了information，有的则填了results。

8. 由上文说到“every day i phoned ten of myclassmates ... ”，可知给“同学”打了很多电话，故填classmates。

9. 没有人知道这个特殊的假期还要“持续”多久，故填last。

我灵机一动，尝试着改了一下该句来检测他们，改成：nobody knows how soon this holiday will ________.这次他们给出的答案是end （结束）。

句意：没有人知道还要多久这个假期才“结束”。

10. 因为sars是学生放假的原因，希望“sars”不会卷土重来，故填sars。

笔者经常鼓励学生，在解答完形填空的过程中，即使是读第一遍时，也要花几秒钟来猜猜空缺的词是什么意思，是何词性。

猜不出的话就暂时放手，但是一定要在文章中找到与之相对应的线索词或者相呼应的地方，总之就是让每个空“有据可循”，而不是“无中生有”。

猜词这种教学活动，放飞了学生的想象力，培养学生发散性思维，最大限度地激活并“动员”学生现有的词汇，真可谓一举多得。

（作者单位：江门开平市第一中学）责任编校蒋小青。