关系副词定语从句
用法
依据
根据从句谓语动 是及物动词,后面若无宾语,用关系
词
代词;是不及物动词则用关系副词
根据关系词在从 把关系词放在定语从句中,若作主语 句中作的成分 或宾语用关系代词;作状语则用关系 副词
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This is the factory where he used to work.
这是他以前工作过的那家工厂。(work是不及物动词)
This is the factory that/which I visit last year.
这是我去年参观过的那家工厂。(visit是及物动词)
Is this the museum(that/which) you visited a few days ago?
这就是你几天前参观的那家博物馆吗?
你还记得我们在农场一起度过的那些日子 吗?(that/which作spent的宾语)
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where 表示地点,代替先行词并在定语从
句中作地点状语,其先行词往往是表示地 点的名词,如place, factory, house, village 等。
Finally, we got to a factory, where many mobile phones of high quality were produced.
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Do you remember the days when we chatted with each other all night?
你还记得我们整夜聊天的那些日子吗?
(when在从句中作状语)
Do you remember the days that/which we spent together on the farm?
This is the book about which Tom often talks.
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2. 介词根据先行词的搭配习惯而确定。
I remember the day on which I settled in China. I remember the days during which I lived here. I remember the month in which I stayed there.
这是我爷爷在40年前建造的房子。
(定语从句中缺少主语,所以用关系代词 that/which, 不用关系副词where)
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当position, point, case, stage, situation, atmosphere等表示抽象地点的名词充当先行词
时,若定语从句中缺少状语,则用where来引导 定语从句。
Is this the museum where the exhibition was held?
这就是举办展览的那家博物馆吗?(从句缺少地点状语)
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“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
在“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中,关系代词只 能用which/whom,不可用that。先行词指物时,用 which;先行词指人时,用whom。
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误区警示
当先行词是时间名词时,既可以用when 引导定 语从句,也可以用that 或which 引导定语从句, 关键要看关系词在定语从句中作何种成分。若关 系词在定语从句中充当状语,则用when 引导; 若关系词在定语从句中充当主语或者宾语,则用 that 或which引导。
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介词选择的三原则:
1. 介词根据从句中谓语动词的搭配习惯而确定。
This is the book on which I spent 5 yuan.
This is the book for which I paid 5 yuan.
This is the book from which I learnt a lot.
3. 起连接作用
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关系副词引导的定语从句
1. when表示时间,代替先行词并在定语从 句中作时间状语,其先行词往往是表示时 间的名词,如time, day, hour, year等。
We will never fors were held in Beijing. 我们将永远 不会忘记第29届奥运会在北京举办的那一年。
It's helpful to put children in a situation where
they can see themselves differently. 把孩子们放到
一个能够让他们从不同的角度看待自己的环境中, 这对他们有帮助。
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why 表示原因,代替先行词并在定语从句
中作原因状语,其先行词一般是reason 这个 词。
I don't know the reason why he didn't turn to his good friend for help yesterday.
我不知道昨天他为什么没向他的好朋友求助。
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误区警示
若替代先行词reason的关系词在定语从句中不作 状语,而是充当主语或者宾语,则用that/which 引导定语从句。
定语从句——关系副词 的用法
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当引导定语从句的关系词在从句中作时间、 地点、原因、方式状语时,应使用关系副词 when, where, why 或“介词+which”。 关系副词的作用如下:
1. 指代表示时间、地点、原因的先行词 2. 在从句中充当句子成分——状语,即在从句 中起副词的作用
I won't listen to the reason that/which you have given us.
我坚决不听你提供给我们的那个理由。
(定语从句中缺少宾语,所以用which/that, 不
用why)
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关系代词与关系副词的选用
定语从句的引导词用关系代词还是关系副词可用以 下方法判断:
最后,我们来到一家工厂,在那里许多高质量 的手机被生产出来。
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误区警示
当先行词为地点名词时,如果关系词在定语从句 中作主语或者宾语,则用that 或which引导定语 从句。
This is the house which/that was built by my grandfather forty years ago.