Unit 4Astronomy: the science of the starsⅠ.单词—在语境中默写，在联想中积累[写得准] [用得活] [积得多]1.fundamental adj.基本的；基础的2.astronomy n. 天文学3.crash vi.& vt. 碰撞；坠落4.system n. 系统；体系；制度5.theory n. 学说；理论6.atmosphere n. 大气层；气氛7.thus adv. 因此；于是8.pull n．&vt. 拉(力)；拖；牵引力9.float vi.&vt. (使)浮动；(使)漂浮n. 漂浮物10.harmful adj.有害的→harm n．害处vt.对……有害11.violent adj.猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的→violence n．暴力→violently adv.猛烈地；激烈地12.puzzle vt.&vi.(使)迷惑；(使)为难n．谜；难题→puzzling adj.令人迷惑的→puzzled adj.迷惑不解的13.unlike prep.不同；不像→like (反义词)prep.像→dislike v．& n．不喜欢14.exist vi.存在；生存→existence n．存在15.globe n．球体；地球仪；地球→global adj.全球性的；全世界的16.religion n．宗教；宗教信仰→religious adj.宗教的用所给词的适当形式填空1. (like) most people inthe office who come to work bycar, I usually come to work bybus.2.We live in a (globe)village, but this doesn’t meanthat we all behave in the sameway.3.Do you believe the ofghosts? Perhaps they only____ in the minds of somepeople.(exist)st night we had adiscussion, which became moreand more . Finally wereached an agreement that wewill never use whateverhappens.(violent)5.There was a look onthe little girl’s face because a________problemher.(puzzle)6.Playing computer games willnot only do to yourphysical health, but it is also________ to your mentalhealth.So there is no inadvising you to give itup.(harm)1.与“太空”有关的高频单词集锦①astronomy n．天文学②astronaut n. 宇航员③gravity n. 万有引力④satellite n. 卫星⑤orbit n. 轨道⑥spaceship n. 宇宙飞船⑦universe n. 宇宙⑧launch vt. 发射2.各种“碰撞”聚焦①crash v．碰撞；坠落②bump n．&v. 撞；碰撞(声)③collide v. 碰撞；相撞④collision n. 撞击；碰撞⑤run into 撞上⑥knock into 撞上3.un-前缀高频形容词全接触①unlike 不像的②unable 不能……的③unacceptable 不能接受的④unbelievable 不可相信的⑤uncertain 不确定的⑥unclear 不清楚的⑦uncomfortable 不舒服的⑧unfair 不公平的Ⅱ.短语—在应用中记牢，在归纳中记多[写得准] [用得活] [积得多]1.in_time及时；终于y_eggs 下蛋3.give_birth_to 产生；分娩4.in_one’s_turn 轮到某人；接着5.watch_out_for 密切注意；当心；提防6.cheer_up 感到高兴；感到振奋7.depend_on 依靠；取决于8.break_out 突发；爆发9.prevent_..._from 阻止；制止10.block_out 挡住(光线)11.get_the_hang_of 熟悉；掌握；理解12.now_that 既然选用左栏短语填空1.Do remember towatch_out_for cars whilecrossing the street.2.Cheer_up! You must believe inyourself and you will getsuccess.3.Please tell me when Mr.Smithis arriving at the train stationso that I can pick him upin_time.4.At last the firefighters put outthe fire in the supermarket,which broke_out at ten thismorning.5.You’ve made me suffer in thepast, so now you,in_your_turn,_suffer1.表达“小心；当心”的高频短语荟萃①watch out (for)小心；当心(……）②look out 当心③take care 小心④be careful 小心2.“阻止/禁止某人做某事”的多种表达(1)阻止某人做某事①prevent sb. from doing sth.②stop sb. from doing sth.③keep sb. from doing sth.(2)禁止某人做某事④prohibit sb. from doing sth.⑤ban sb. from doing sth.⑥forbid sb. from doing sth.again！Ⅲ.句式—在解读中学懂，在仿写中学通[背原句] [记句式] [会仿用]1.This produced a chain reaction, which made it possible for life to develop.这就产生了一系列的反应，使得生命就有可能开始发展了。
句中的it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是不定式短语todevelop。
这个女孩懂三门外语，这使她更容易找到一份好工作。
The girl knows three foreign languages,which makes_it_easier_for_her_to_find agood job.2.But when I tried to step forward, Ifound I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.而当我试着向前迈步时，我发觉我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。
“...倍数＋as＋形容词/副词原级＋as ...”是倍数表达法之一，意为“……是……的多少倍”。
杰西卡付出的是以前三倍的时间和精力，所以我相信她这次能成功。
Jessica devotedthree_times_as_much_time_and_energy_asshe did before, so I believe she will succeedthis time.3.“Oh, dear，” I cried, “walking doesneed a bit of practice now that gravity has changed.”“天哪，”我大声说，“既然重力改变了，看来走路也的确需要练一练了。
”now that “既然；由于”，引导原因状语从句，有时that可以省略。
既然它对我们的好处如此多，为什么不试一试呢？Now_that_it_benefits_us so much,why not have a try？第一板块| 核心单词归纳集释1．harmful adj.有害的[经典例句]Experts point out that fruit juices can be harmful to children’s teeth.专家指出果汁可能损害儿童的牙齿。
①Some boys are too crazy about playing games on the computer, which is very (harm) to their health.有些男生对玩电脑游戏简直到了痴迷的程度，这对他们的健康非常有害。
2．exist vi.存在；生存[教材原句]They laid eggs too and existed on the earth for more than 140 million years.它们也生蛋，在地球上生存了一亿四千多万年。
(1)There exists ... 某地有……；存在……(2)existence n. 存在；生存come into existence 产生；成立；开始存在①There_exists a generation gap between the young and the old.青年人和老年人之间存在着代沟。
②You can’t imagine what difficulty they have existing on the money he’s earning.你无法想象他们靠他挣的那点钱维持生活是多么的困难。
③Scientists have many theories about how the universe first came into (exist)．关于一开始宇宙是如何产生的，科学家们有多种观点。
[名师指津]exist是不及物动词，没有被动语态，也不用于进行时态。
3．puzzle vt.使迷惑；使为难n．谜；难题；(游戏的)猜谜[教材原句]How life began on earth is one of the biggest puzzles that scientists found hard to solve.地球生命如何起源是科学家们觉得很难解决的最大的难题之一。
(1)puzzle about冥思苦想；苦苦思索(2)a puzzle to sb. 一件让某人感到困惑的事情(3)puzzling adj. 令人迷惑的puzzled adj. 迷惑不解的；困惑的be puzzled about 对……迷惑不解②Where the lost boy has gone still remains puzzle to us.丢失的男孩去了哪儿对我们来说仍是个谜。