必修三知识点汇总Module 1 Europe重要短语：because of因为thanks to由于；多亏了due to/owing to由于as a result of由于…的结果be covered by/withbe known for/as/tomake A out of B用B制成A make A into B/be made of work on从事/做…工作；忙于have…in common refer to参考/指的是/涉及/适用于have control over/of对…有控制权beyond control无法控制under control被控制住out of control 失去控制in the control of由…控制/管理/负责lose control of对…失去控制have a population of有多少人口little by little渐渐地in one’s thirtiescompare A with/and B比较A和B compare…to…把…比作…．compared with/to…与…比较起来belong toincrease(reduce) to/byin the long/short term就长/短期而言come to terms=make terms达成协议，和好bring sb. to terms使某人接收条件be on good/bad terms with sb.与某人交情好/不好be faced with面临，面对off the coast在(离开海面的)海岸上ever since自从/一直on the one /other hand一方面/另一方面be located in=lie in=be situated in 坐落于There+be/exist/lie/stand/appear+主…有…存在（be）opposite to在…对面，与…相反just the opposite恰恰相反keep a cool head保持头脑清醒lose one’s head惊慌失措，失去理智head for朝着…前进get into a difficult situation陷入困难的状况get out of a difficult situation摆脱困难的状况save the situation挽回局势in terms of根据/从…方面来说/从…的观点face to facealong the coast重要句型：1. It is one of the most beautiful cities in the world.one of the +形容词最高级+ 可数名词复数最。
之一2. Portugal is to the west of Spain.①表示位置: A is/lies in/on/to/off the+方向+of BA is located/situated in/on/to/off the+方向+of B②位置+距离: A is (about)+距离+（to the）+方向+of Bin ,on和to表地理方位的区别（1）??? 表示A在B的范围内（2）??? 强调A和B两地接壤时，用on.（3）??? A 在B的范围之外，两者之间没有所属关系时用to。
如：Our school is to the west of the hospital.我们学校在医院的西面。
3. on the coast和off the coaston表示“位于河畔或铁路，公路及海岸等沿线上”；off表示“稍离陆地，在沿岸的海里”。
如：4. 表示倍数的四种句型：1）This bridge is 3 times longer than that one.这座桥比那座桥长3倍。
2) This bridge is 4 times as long as that one这座桥是那座桥的4倍长。
3）A is … times the size/length/width/height/depth of BThis room is 3 times the size of that one.这间房间的大小是那间的3倍。
4) A + v. …times as many/much + n.+ as BThe factory has produced 3 times as many cars as it did last year. 这个厂今年的汽车产量是去年的3倍。
语法要求：一：一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态被动语态由“be+及物动词的过去分词(+by) ”构成。
被动语态发生时态变化时只变be 形式，过去分词不变。
现在时被动语态：am/ is/ are + 过去分词过去时被动语态：was/ were + 过去分词二：主谓一致：本单元主要强调第二个原则语法一致原则。
句子的主语是单数，谓语动词用单数形式；主语是复数，谓语动词用复数形式。
注意：(1) something, everybody, nobody , either, neither, each等不定代词作主语时，谓语需用单数。
(2) 当主语后面跟有with, together with, along with, as well as, like, including, except, rather than, but, 等时，谓语动词的单复数形式仍然要与这些词语前面的主语保持一致。
3）表示时间，重量，长度，价格等的复数名词，作主语从整体来看时，谓语动词用单数。
4）非谓语动词，从句或其他短语作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。
例如：Early to bed and early to rise is healthful.5）如果主语是由and连接的两个单数名词，但前面有each, every, no 等词修饰时，谓语用单数。
例如： Every boy and girl in this region is taught to read and write.6) 谓语动词用单数的情况：many a…，more than one…，Every… and every…/，no…and no…/each…and each…one and a half，a…or two，a/the (…and…) 指同一人、事物或概念the number of…a great deal of / a large amount of2. 意义一致原则。
1)一些集合名词，如：family, enemy, class, population, army等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数要根据实际含义而定。
当表示整体意义时，用单数；当强调个体成员时，用复数。
如：2）由there或here引起的主语，而又不止是一个时，采取就近原则。
例如：Here is a pen, a few envelopes and some paper for you.3. 邻近性原则。
neither…nor, either…or, not only…but also, or连接两个名词或代词作主语时；由there, here引导的句子，并且主语不止一个时，谓语动词通常与邻近它的主语保持一致。
Module 2重要短语：agree to the plan (suggestion, proposal) 同意（建议，安排）measure sth in/by sth用···来衡量agree with sb.同意某人的观点或看法，适合agree on/upon sth达成协议一致意见make efforts/ an effort to do sth. 努力做某事spare no effort不遗余力with/without effort费力地/毫不费力地get(be) close to靠近，接近，即将发生as a result of由于as a result结果result in导致result from由…引起in/during the last ten years receive a good educationbe willing to do sth.make comparisons作比较be connected withat the top of /at the bottom of live with与..住/忍受up to直到/到…为止/多达make progress进步be similar to与…相似encourage sb to do sth take measures to do采取措施be crowded with充满，满是in exchange for交换achieve one’s goalon a high/low income高/低收入income tax (个人)所得税with the development ofunder development在发展中figure out算出/解决/理解/弄明白be up to=be fit for胜任，适合于share sth. with sb.与某人分享share (in)sth.共享life expectancy预期寿命;平均寿命重要句型：1.be be important to sb.of+抽象名词=be+该名词的同根形容词eg. His advice is of value to us. = valuable This dictionary is of great use. =usefulWhat he said is of importance for you. = important2.. till ：直到up to sth be fit for ：胜任Li Ping is not up to his job.be busy in doing sth ：忙着做…be up to sb=be left to sb to decide ：由…决定/ 负责3. sure1) make s ure表示“务必”，“确信”，“弄明白”，后面常接 of/about sth.或that 引导的宾语从句。
Make sure(that) you will arrive there on time. 你务必准时到这。
I know there’s a train this afternoon, but I must make sure of the time.2）be sure of, be sure that 对···有把握，对···确定，确信Can we be sure of his honesty. /Can we be sure that he is honest? I’m sure of winning the game.3) be sure to do 说话人推测主语“一定；必然会”或 (常用于祈使句)务必做某事He is sure to be back soon. 他一定会很快回来。