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Example:
• There is nothing new in the recognition, within a given language, of a distinction between common usage and uses of the language for more restricted purposes and often enough, perhaps characteristically, more elevated purposes. The monolithic nature of English is not questioned when literary essayists like Emerson contrast poetry and common speech. The latter is recognized in American to be the proper subject for the investigation of Linguists who, however, now show some incipient开始的,初期的inclination to investigate poetry, too, and other noncasual 15 utterances in a given language.
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Colloquial or Informal Words
• Colloquial or informal words are usually short words of one or two syllables and most of them are of Saxon origin. • Colloquial or informal words are often used in spoken language and in writing aimed for a conversational effect.
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Example:
• You have your tension. Sometimes you come close to having an accident, that upsets you. You just escape maybe by a hair or so. Sometimes maybe you get a disgruntled passenger on there, and starts a big argument. Traffic. You have someone who cuts you off or stops in front of the bus. There’s a lot of tension behind that. You got to watch all the time. You’re watchin’ the drivers, you’re watchin’ other cars. Most of the time you have to drive for the other drivers, to avoid hitting them. So 21 you take the tension home with you.
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
第1章 第2章 第3章 第4章 第5章 第6章 第7章 第8章 第9章 第10章 第11章 第12章 第13章 第14章 第15章 第16章
写作基本技能训练
• • • • • 实力+技巧 掌握丰富的词汇和 掌握多变的句型 注意中外文化的差异， 注意中外写作思路的不同
Note:
• • • • • kid (colloquial) child (common) transaction (a little formal) business/trade (common)
• dubious (a little formal) • doubtful/unlikely (common)

1. 教学目标 本课程以课堂讲授、课堂讨论及课内外操练等为 主要教学手段，同时利用内容新颖、丰富多样的 例段及范文进行讲解和分析，让学生学习、模仿 和参照，加强学生对每种文体写作的理解和应用， 从而掌握书面表达的基本方法和手段。《实用英 语写作》旨在使学生了解并学习英语写作的步骤、 基本原则和技巧，以及应用文的写作模式及方法。 通过该课程的学习，学生不仅可以了解各类实用 英语文书的写作要求和技巧，而且还可以更好地 了解各类英语文书应用的工作环境，掌握有效的 沟通技巧文写作两大部分，从 基础训练起步，介绍英语写作步骤和技巧，如篇 章结构、思想组织等，从而教写段落、全文；在 应用文部分，通过大量的应用文实例，逐步了解 并学会写各类实用英语，如通知、便条、请柬、 证明、申请信函、个人简历、推荐信等，以期在 实际生活中熟练地用英语传递信息、交流思想。 本课程以提高学生综合运用能力为目标，有利于 学生培养实际能力，做到学以致用，因此实用性 强，对将来考研、就业、出国的英文应用都有很 大裨益。
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Levels of Words
• Words are generally classified into four groups according to different levels of usage or formality:
Formal • Standard or common
• Colloquial or informal • Slang
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Example:
• When I was a kid, and reading every science fiction book in the local library, I used to wonder exactly how the future would happen. By that I don’t mean what the future would be like---science fiction already told me that----but rather how we’d actually get there. Science fiction books seemed to agree, for example, that in the future there would be no money----all transactions可疑的would be made via identity cards and centralized computers. But that seemed dubious to me: how, I wondered, are you going to get everybody to give up money in 18 the first place?
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Formal Words
• Formal words may also be called learned words, or literary words, or “big” words. Most of them are of Greek of Latin origin. • Formal words are more commonly used on addresses, eulogies颂词,颂文, articles for scholarly journals, technical reports, legal documents, etc. • Formal English avoids contractions缩略词and colloquial expressions and therefore sounds different from the way average people speak.




基本要求 1）了解英语写作的理论框架及基本知识； 2）通过基本功的训练，掌握英语写作的段落、 提纲、全文方面最基本的写作步骤和技巧，写出 主题较为明确、内容较为完善、语言较为通顺、 格式符合要求的的文章； 3）学会撰写个人简历、通知、便条、请柬等应 用文。

三、学时分配
章 次 章 名 学 时
Standard or Common Words
• Standard or common words are those used by the widest group of educated speakers and writers. • Common words are popular in college writing, and are often employed in newspaper, textbooks, non-fiction, best sellers, etc. • Common English is easy to understand, and complies well with the written language.
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•elevated (formal) •better (common) •higher (common) •monolithic (formal) •inseparable, unchangeable (relatively common)
•investigation (formal) •research, study (common)
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• • • •
选词 造句 篇章 完整作文
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Diction
Diction is the choice and the use of words
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How to make a good diction?
• By: • Using the Appropriate Word • —Level of words • Using the Exact Word • —Meaning of words • Using Figurative Language • —Figures of speech