自动听性脑干诱发电位用于新生儿听力筛查准确性的影响因素分析发表时间:2019-06-04T15:07:08.027Z 来源:《中国保健营养》2019年第1期作者:孔敏[导读] 【摘要】目的:分析自动听性脑干诱发电位用于新生儿听力筛查准确性的影响因素。
方法:选出我院2018年1~9月的81例(162耳)新生儿,应用自动听性脑干诱发电位对其进行听力筛查,统计筛查通过率,同时收集新生儿的性别、胎龄、出生体重、产妇年龄、分娩方式、耳别等资料,【摘要】目的:分析自动听性脑干诱发电位用于新生儿听力筛查准确性的影响因素。
方法:选出我院2018年1~9月的81例(162耳)新生儿,应用自动听性脑干诱发电位对其进行听力筛查,统计筛查通过率,同时收集新生儿的性别、胎龄、出生体重、产妇年龄、分娩方式、耳别等资料,分析其对听力筛查准确性的影响。
结果:81例新生儿中,初筛结果通过64例,初筛通过率为79.0%;17例复筛,通过12例,复筛通过率为70.6%;5例转诊诊断,随访3个月,明确诊断为听力障碍2例,确诊率为40.0%。
将初筛通过者纳入观察组,未通过者纳入对照组,对比两组的胎龄、出生体重、产妇年龄、耳别,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);对比两组的性别、分娩方式,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。
多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,胎龄、出生体重是新生儿听力筛查准确性的保护因素,产妇年龄、耳别是其危险因素。
结论:自动听性脑干诱发电位用于新生儿听力筛查的准确性较高,胎龄、出生体重、产妇年龄、耳别是影响听力筛查准确性的相关因素,应重视新生儿听力筛查,及早诊治听力障碍。
【关键词】自动听性脑干诱发电位;新生儿;听力筛查;准确性;影响因素【中图分类号】R764 【文献标识码】A 【文章编号】1004-7484(2019)01-0026-02【Abstract】objective: to analyze the influencing factors of the accuracy of automatic auditory brainstem evoked potential (aep) in neonatal hearing screening. Methods: to select our hospital from January 2018 to September 81 cases (162 ears) of newborn and applied automatically to brainstem evoked potential for hearing screening, screening pass rate statistics, at the same time to collect the newborn's gender, gestational age, birth weight and maternal age, childbirth way, ear don't such information, to analyze its impact on the accuracy of hearing screening. Results: among the 81 neonates, 64 of them passed the screening test, and the screening rate was 79.0%. The rescreening rate was 70.6% in 12 cases. Five cases were referred for diagnosis and followed up for 3 months. 2 cases were definitely diagnosed with hearing impairment, with a diagnosis rate of 40.0%. Those who passed the initial screening were included in the observation group, while those who failed were included in the control group. The differences in gestational age, birth weight, maternal age and ear difference between the two groups were statistically significant (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in gender and delivery mode between the two groups (P>0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that gestational age and birth weight were protective factors for the accuracy of newborn hearing screening, and maternal age and ear were risk factors. Conclusion: the accuracy of automatic auditory brainstem evoked potential in neonatal hearing screening is relatively high. Gestational age, birth weight, maternal age, and especially the relevant factors affecting the accuracy of hearing screening should be paid more attention to neonatal hearing screening and early diagnosis and treatment of hearing impairment. 【key words】automatic auditory brainstem evoked potential; The newborn; Hearing screening; Accuracy; Factors affecting the目前,针对新生儿的听力筛查,自动听性脑干诱发电位获得了广泛应用,能够准确反映新生儿的听力受损情况[1]。
本研究为了进一步分析自动听性脑干诱发电位用于新生儿听力筛查准确性的影响因素,就我院81例新生儿的听力筛查情况展开分析,汇报如下。
1 资料与方法1.1 一般资料选出我院2018年1~9月的81例(162耳)新生儿,其中男42例,女39例;胎龄34~42周,平均(39.7±1.1)周;出生体重2.7~4.1kg,平均(3.3±0.4)kg;产妇年龄22~43岁,平均(29.5±6.3)岁;分娩方式中,剖宫产33例,阴道分娩48例。
1.2 方法1.2.1 听力筛查方法参照《新生儿听力筛查技术规范》[2]相关标准,于新生儿睡眠时在筛查室内(噪声低于40dB A)进行听力筛查,初筛运用国际听力OtoRead TEOAE(丹麦),复筛运用麦科MB11自动听性脑干诱发电位检测仪(德国)。
将电极膏涂于新生儿乳突下部、耳垂上部、颅顶电极的直线方向,电极置于电极膏涂抹区域,确保其与新生儿头部良好接触,且通过阻抗测试。
避开新生儿视线,测试声音为35dB SPL,观察新生儿的听性反射,测试结果分为通过、未通过两项,未通过者进行转诊诊断。
1.2.2 影响听力筛查准确性的相关因素分析收集新生儿的性别(男、女)、胎龄(<37周、≥37周)、出生体重(<3kg、≥3kg)、产妇年龄(<36岁、≥36岁)、分娩方式(剖宫产、阴道分娩)、耳别(左耳、右耳)等资料,分析其对听力筛查准确性的影响。
1.3 统计学方法应用SPSS 19.0软件处理数据,计数资料以n、%表示,行x²检验,计量资料以( ±s)表示,行t检验,相关因素分析采用Logistic回归分析,P<0.05说明差异有统计学意义。
2 结果2.1 新生儿的听力筛查结果分析 81例新生儿中,初筛结果通过64例,初筛通过率为79.0%;17例复筛,通过12例,复筛通过率为70.6%;5例转诊诊断,随访3个月,明确诊断为听力障碍2例,确诊率为40.0%。
2.2 影响新生儿听力筛查准确性的单因素分析将初筛结果通过的64例新生儿纳入观察组,未通过的17例新生儿纳入对照组,对比两组新生儿的临床资料,结果显示,在胎龄、出生体重、产妇年龄、耳别的对比中,两组差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);而在性别、分娩方式的对比中,两组差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。
见表1。
2.3 影响新生儿听力筛查准确性的多因素分析以新生儿听力筛查准确性为因变量,将胎龄、出生体重、产妇年龄、耳别设为自变量,进行多因素Logistic回归分析,根据OR值可知,胎龄、出生体重是新生儿听力筛查准确性的保护因素,产妇年龄、耳别是其危险因素。
见表2。
表1 影响新生儿听力筛查准确性的单因素分析项目分类例数观察组(n=64)对照组(n=17)P值性别男4233(78.6)9(21.4)>0.05女3931(79.5)8(20.5)胎龄<37周83(37.5)5(62.5)<0.05≥37周7261(84.7)11(15.3)出生体重<3kg3625(69.4)11(30.6)<0.05≥3kg4539(86.7)6(13.3)产妇年龄<36岁5751(89.5)6(10.5)<0.05≥36岁2413(54.2)11(45.8)分娩方式剖宫产3325(75.8)8(24.2)>0.05阴道分娩4839(81.3)9(18.7)耳别左耳8156(69.1)25(30.9)<0.05右耳8172(88.9)9(11.1)表2 影响新生儿听力筛查准确性的多因素Logistic回归分析影响因素βS.E Wald P OR95%CI胎龄0.3680.169 5.4020.017 1.483 1.072-2.045出生体重0.6510.18112.6100.000 1.916 1.312-2.638产妇年龄-0.2550.117 6.7730.0080.7440.593-0.914耳别-0.4170.238 4.3470.0330.6170.395-0.9733 讨论听在新生儿的缺陷疾病中,听力障碍极为多见,且具有较高的患病率[3]。