扩展卡尔曼滤波原理：在原有卡尔曼滤波的基础上，为了解决多目标值的跟踪与估计，形成了扩展卡尔曼滤波。

起matlab主要程序如下：clear allv=150; %%目标速度v_sensor=0;%%传感器速度t=1; %%扫描周期xradarpositon=0; %%传感器坐标yradarpositon=0; %%ppred=zeros(4,4);Pzz=zeros(2,2);Pxx=zeros(4,2);xpred=zeros(4,1);ypred=zeros(2,1);sumx=0;sumy=0;sumxukf=0;sumyukf=0;sumxekf=0;sumyekf=0; %%%统计的初值%滤波算法描述：L=4;alpha=1;kalpha=0;belta=2;ramda=3-L;azimutherror=0.015; %%方位均方误差rangeerror=100; %%距离均方误差processnoise=1; %%过程噪声均方差tao=[t^3/3 t^2/2 0 0;t^2/2 t 0 0;0 0 t^3/3 t^2/2;0 0 t^2/2 t]; %% the input matrix of processG=[t^2/2 0t 00 t^2/20 t ];a=35*pi/180;a_v=5/100;a_sensor=45*pi/180;x(1)=8000; %%初始位置y(1)=12000;for i=1:200x(i+1)=x(i)+v*cos(a)*t;y(i+1)=y(i)+v*sin(a)*t;endfor i=1:200xradarpositon=0;yradarpositon=0;Zmeasure(1,i)=atan((y(i)-yradarpositon)/(x(i)-xradarpositon))+random('Normal',0,azimutherror,1,1); Zmeasure(2,i)=sqrt((y(i)-yradarpositon)^2+(x(i)-xradarpositon)^2)+random('Normal',0,rangeerror,1,1);xx(i)=Zmeasure(2,i)*cos(Zmeasure(1,i));%%观测值yy(i)=Zmeasure(2,i)*sin(Zmeasure(1,i));measureerror=[azimutherror^2 0;0 rangeerror^2];processerror=tao*processnoise;vNoise = size(processerror,1);wNoise = size(measureerror,1);A=[1 t 0 0;0 1 0 0;0 0 1 t;0 0 0 1];Anoise=size(A,1);for j=1:2*L+1Wm(j)=1/(2*(L+ramda));Wc(j)=1/(2*(L+ramda));endWm(1)=ramda/(L+ramda);Wc(1)=ramda/(L+ramda);%+1-alpha^2+belta; %%%权值if i==1xerror=rangeerror^2*cos(Zmeasure(1,i))^2+Zmeasure(2,i)^2*azimutherror^2*sin(Zmeasure(1,i))^2; yerror=rangeerror^2*sin(Zmeasure(1,i))^2+Zmeasure(2,i)^2*azimutherror^2*cos(Zmeasure(1,i))^2; xyerror=(rangeerror^2-Zmeasure(2,i)^2*azimutherror^2)*sin(Zmeasure(1,i))*cos(Zmeasure(1,i));P=[xerror xerror/t xyerror xyerror/t;xerror/t 2*xerror/(t^2) xyerror/t 2*xyerror/(t^2);xyerror xyerror/t yerror yerror/t;xyerror/t 2*xyerror/(t^2) yerror/t 2*yerror/(t^2)];xestimate=[Zmeasure(2,i)*cos(Zmeasure(1,i)) 0 Zmeasure(2,i)*sin(Zmeasure(1,i)) 0 ]'; endcho=(chol(P*(L+ramda)))';%for j=1:LxgamaP1(:,j)=xestimate+cho(:,j);xgamaP2(:,j)=xestimate-cho(:,j);endXsigma=[xestimate xgamaP1 xgamaP2];F=A;Xsigmapre=F*Xsigma;xpred=zeros(Anoise,1);for j=1:2*L+1xpred=xpred+Wm(j)*Xsigmapre(:,j);endNoise1=Anoise;ppred=zeros(Noise1,Noise1);for j=1:2*L+1ppred=ppred+Wc(j)*(Xsigmapre(:,j)-xpred)*(Xsigmapre(:,j)-xpred)';endppred=ppred+processerror;chor=(chol((L+ramda)*ppred))';for j=1:LXaugsigmaP1(:,j)=xpred+chor(:,j);XaugsigmaP2(:,j)=xpred-chor(:,j);endXaugsigma=[xpred XaugsigmaP1 XaugsigmaP2 ];for j=1:2*L+1Ysigmapre(1,j)=atan(Xaugsigma(3,j)/Xaugsigma(1,j)) ;Ysigmapre(2,j)=sqrt((Xaugsigma(1,j))^2+(Xaugsigma(3,j))^2);endypred=zeros(2,1);for j=1:2*L+1ypred=ypred+Wm(j)*Ysigmapre(:,j);endPzz=zeros(2,2);for j=1:2*L+1Pzz=Pzz+Wc(j)*(Ysigmapre(:,j)-ypred)*(Ysigmapre(:,j)-ypred)';endPzz=Pzz+measureerror;Pxy=zeros(Anoise,2);for j=1:2*L+1Pxy=Pxy+Wc(j)*(Xaugsigma(:,j)-xpred)*(Ysigmapre(:,j)-ypred)';endK=Pxy*inv(Pzz);xestimate=xpred+K*(Zmeasure(:,i)-ypred);P=ppred-K*Pzz*K';xukf(i)=xestimate(1,1);yukf(i)=xestimate(3,1); %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%% EKF PRO%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%if i==1ekf_p=[xerror xerror/t xyerror xyerror/t;xerror/t 2*xerror/(t^2) xyerror/t 2*xyerror/(t^2);xyerror xyerror/t yerror yerror/t;xyerror/t 2*xyerror/(t^2) yerror/t 2*yerror/(t^2)];ekf_xestimate=[Zmeasure(2,i)*cos(Zmeasure(1,i)) 0 Zmeasure(2,i)*sin(Zmeasure(1,i)) 0 ]';ekf_xpred=ekf_xestimate;end;F=A;ekf_xpred=F*ekf_xestimate;ekf_ppred=F*ekf_p*F'+processerror;H=[-ekf_xpred(3)/(ekf_xpred(3)^2+ekf_xpred(1)^2) 0 ekf_xpred(1)/(ekf_xpred(3)^2+ekf_xpred(1)^2) 0;ekf_xpred(1)/sqrt(ekf_xpred(3)^2+ekf_xpred(1)^2) 0 ekf_xpred(3)/sqrt(ekf_xpred(3)^2+ekf_xpred(1)^2) 0];ekf_z(1,1)=atan(ekf_xpred(3)/ekf_xpred(1)) ;ekf_z(2,1)=sqrt((ekf_xpred(1))^2+(ekf_xpred(3))^2);PHHP=H*ekf_ppred*H'+measureerror;ekf_K=ekf_ppred*H'*inv(PHHP);ekf_p=(eye(L)-ekf_K*H)*ekf_ppred;ekf_xestimate=ekf_xpred+ekf_K*(Zmeasure(:,i)-ekf_z);traceekf(i)=trace(ekf_p);xekf(i)=ekf_xestimate(1,1);yekf(i)=ekf_xestimate(3,1);errorx(i)=xx(i)+xradarpositon-x(i);errory(i)=yy(i)+yradarpositon-y(i);ukferrorx(i)=xestimate(1)+xradarpositon-x(i);ukferrory(i)=xestimate(3)+yradarpositon-y(i);ekferrorx(i)=ekf_xestimate(1)+xradarpositon-x(i); ekferrory(i)=ekf_xestimate(3)+yradarpositon-y(i);aa(i)=xx(i)+xradarpositon-x(i);;bb(i)=yy(i)+yradarpositon-y(i);sumx=sumx+(errorx(i)^2);sumy=sumy+(errory(i)^2);sumxukf=sumxukf+(ukferrorx(i)^2);sumyukf=sumyukf+(ukferrory(i)^2);sumxekf=sumxekf+(ekferrorx(i)^2);sumyekf=sumyekf+(ekferrory(i)^2);mseerrorx(i)=sqrt(sumx/(i-1));%噪声的统计均方误差mseerrory(i)=sqrt(sumy/(i-1));mseerrorxukf(i)=sqrt(sumxukf/(i-1));%UKF的统计均方误差mseerroryukf(i)=sqrt(sumyukf/(i-1));mseerrorxekf(i)=sqrt(sumxekf/(i-1));%EKF的统计均方误差mseerroryekf(i)=sqrt(sumyekf/(i-1));endfigure(1);plot(mseerrorxukf,'r');hold on;plot(mseerrorxekf,'g');hold on;plot(mseerrorx,'.');hold on;ylabel('MSE of X axis','fontsize',15);xlabel('sample number','fontsize',15);legend('UKF','EKF','measurement error');figure(2)plot(mseerroryukf,'r');hold on;plot(mseerroryekf,'g');hold on;plot(mseerrory,'.');hold on;ylabel('MSE of Y axis','fontsize',15); xlabel('sample number','fontsize',15); legend('UKF','EKF','measurement error');figure(3)plot(x,y);hold on;plot(xekf,yekf,'g');hold on;plot(xukf,yukf,'r');hold on;plot(xx,yy,'m');ylabel(' X ','fontsize',15);xlabel('Y','fontsize',15);legend('TRUE','UKF','EKF','measurements');。