Low-context communication and High-context communication
How to define these two concepts ?
A high-context communication or message is one in which most of the information is either in the physical context or internalized in the person, while very little is in the coded, explicit, transmitted part of the message. A low-context communication is just the opposite.
Tips: Sports metaphors in everyday American speech
Dropped the ball: failed to do what needed to be done On the ball: alert, active, and smart Drop back and punt: give up the present strategy and try something else To score points: to make a favorable impression on
what are the origins of these barriers ?
Source Encoding Channel Message Decoding Receiver
F
ba eed
context
Resp onse
ck
Noise
The most pivotal origins associated with language differences
high context souces

social roles, situation, participants
Chinese people and Japanese people tend to be high-context communicators as compared to people from Western cultures.
To hold the line: to be firm, to be uncompromising
Behavioral codes
In many situations, there is little meaning in the language people use and much meaning in the context. Behavioral codes are adapted at this time.
The distinctions between HC and LC

HC communication is economical, and efficient.It works very well as as the people communicating looking for and understand meanings in the context.
someone
To play ball: to go along with, to cooperate To throw a curve: to do something unexpected
To play hard ball: to be tough and unscrupulous
To cover the bases: to take everything into consideration Can't get to first base: unable to complete the first step towad a goal
a.Interpersonal Communication
Interpersonal communication is a form of communication that involves a small number of individuals who are interacting exclusively with one another and who therefore have the a b i l it y b o t h t o a d a pt t h e ir me s s a g e s specifically for those others and to obtain immediate interpretations from them.
Do you still remember the barriers in intercultural communication ?


Language differences
Nonverbal communication Stereotypes Cultural bias on judgments High level of stress

Code

Context
Using Codes to Communicate
when people communicate, they want their messages and meanings to be understood. The difficulty is that much of what people do when they communicate comes from their subjective culture. When people share culture, they share meanings, and when they communicate, they exchage meanings. we call the cover of the meanings as "code"
That's to say
The communication that occurs mostly through language is called low context and communication that occurs in ways other than through language is called high context.

b.Intracultural Communication
Intracultural communication is defined as communication between and among members of the same culture. Generally, people who are of the same race, political persuasion, and religion or who share the same interests communicate intraculturally.

d.Interethnic Communication
Interethnic communication refers to communication between people of the same race but different ethnic backgrounds.

e.Interracial Communication

c.International Communication
International communication takes place between nations and governments rather than individuals; it is quite formal and ritualized(仪式化) .
For example :
Space Language
There are some information we can get from people's behaviour, what are they?
Context in Communication
There are two kinds of contexts in communication:
In my opinion
The cross-cultural communication stresses more on the communication between the most distinctive cultures, such as estern culture and western culture.
What is cross-cultural communication on earth?
The definition of cross-cultural communication is similar to intercultural communication, which refers to communication between people whose cultural perceptions and symbol systems are distinct enough to alter the communication event.
Intercultural Communication
Lecture 2: Code and Context
Intercultural communication VS Cross-cultural communication
The forms of intercultural communication

f.interregional Communication