杨 阳 1 吕俊平 2 石林泽 1 丁 勇 1, 3 * 王 博 4 俞丹波 1 邹毓颖 1 （1. 宁波大学建筑工程与环境学 院，宁波 315211；2. 浙江临金高速公路有限公司，杭州 310000；3. 桥梁工程结构动力学国家重点实验室，重 庆 400067；4. 宁波路宝科技实业集团有限公司，宁波 315211） Yang Yang1 Lü Junping2 Shi Linze1 Ding Yong1, 3 * Wang Bo4 Yu Danbo1 Zou Yuying1 (1. Faculty of Architecture, Civil Engineering and Environment, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211; 2. Zhejiang Linjin Expressway Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, 310000; 3. State Key Laboratory of Bridge Engineering Structural Dynamics, Chongqing 400067; 4. Ningbo Roaby Technology Industrial Group Co., Ltd., Ningbo 315211)
2017 年 第 36 卷 第 6 期
Shanghai Environmental Sciences
汽车荷载作用下桥梁伸缩缝噪声的实测研究
A Field-Measurement Research on the Noise at Bridge Expansion Joints under Vehicular Load
Key words：Bridge Expansion joint Noise Wavelet transforming Field-measurement research
桥梁工程结构动力学国家重点实验室开放基金，编号：201402；浙江省公益性技术应用研究计划，编号：2015C33036；浙江 省交通运输厅科技计划项目，编号：2015-2-47; 宁波市交通运输科技项目，编号：201604；宁波市科技服务业示范项目，编号： 2015F1008。
摘要 汽车通过桥梁伸缩缝时的结构噪声是城市交通噪声的重要来源，为了研究伸缩缝噪声的特性和影响因素，对宁波市 35 座桥 梁进行了现场实测，测试对象包括 5 种桥型和 3 种典型桥梁伸缩缝。声压时程测试时采用对低频没有衰减的 Z 计权，并通过小波变换 分析了伸缩缝噪声的频谱特性。测试与分析结果表明：（1）小型车辆通过桥梁伸缩缝时产生的噪声声压大于其在桥面上的噪声声压，重 型车辆则不明显；（2）车辆通过 3 类桥梁伸缩缝时的特征频率都集中在 50 ～ 400 Hz，频谱分布略有不同；（3）对单缝式桥梁伸缩缝，车 辆通过伸缩缝时的噪声大小与其开口宽度、错台高度、桥头坡度总体上成正相关关系。
关键词：桥梁 伸缩缝 噪声 小波变换 实测研究
Abstract The structure-borne noise brought about when vehicles passing across bridge expansion joints is an important part of urban traffic noise. To analyse the characteristics and influencing factors of the noise at bridge expansion joints, the sound pressure was measured at 35 bridges in Ningbo covering five types of bridges and three sorts of typical expansion joints. Z-weighted sound pressure without attenuation in low frequency has been adopted in the measurement, and then the spectral characteristics of the noise at expansion joints were analysed by the wavelet transforming technology. Results of the measurement and analysis showed that: (1) the sound pressure of noise when passing across the bridge expansion joints was higher than that when running on the bridge deck for a light car, but not apparently for a heavy-duty vehicle; (2) the predominant frequencies were all in the range from 50 to 400 Hz when a vehicle passing across the three sorts of typical bridge expansion joints though their spectral distributions were slightly different; (3) in general, the traffic noise at a single-gap expansioelated with the gap width, faulting of the slab ends, and slope of the bridge deck, respectively.
第一作者杨阳，男，1990 年生，2013 年毕业于宁波大学建筑工程与环境学院，在读硕士研究生。 * 通信联系人，dingyong@。