主谓宾定状补的用法1.主语,就是动作的执行者,一般都是名词，代词，数词，不定式.动名词等充当, 有时是用一个句子来作主语,这种情况叫做主语从句.例如:He teaches English.He is a teacher.He就是主语.2、谓语谓语说明主语的动作，状态或特征。
谓语,就是行为动词,而行为动词又包括,连系动词,实义动谓语一般可分为两类：1)简单谓语由动词(或短语动词)构成。
可以有不同的时态，语态和语气。
We plant trees in spring every year.The plane took off at seven o'clock.We turn off the light.2)复合谓语：复合谓语可分为两种情况：第一种: 情态动词/助动词+不带to的动词不定式What does this word mean?I won’t do it again.I’ll go and move away the bag of rice with Lin Tao.You’d better catch a bus.第二种是由连系动词+表语构成的复合谓语。
You look the same.We are all here.The weather gets wamer, and the days get longer.He looked worried.表语是谓语的一部分，一定用在连系动词后面,与其一起构成"系表"结构.。
表语表示主语身份，特征，属性或状，。
一般由名词，代词，形容词，副词，不定式，介词短语等充当。
如上面的例子,teacher就是表语,表明主语he是一个老师.My sister is a nurse.我姐姐是护士。
The apple tastes delicious.3. 宾语,就是动作的承担者.例如上面的English就是动词teach的承担者.4. 宾语补足语,就是补充说明宾语的状态特征.例如;We call him Tom.我们叫他汤姆,Tom就是him 的补足语。
主语补足语是补充说明主语的形态特征.例如The deer was caught alive.那只鹿被活捉,alive就是主语deer的补足语,说明这只鹿还是活的.5. 定语,就是形容词或者相当于形容词的词来修饰名词.如果定语是一个句子，那么就叫定语从句。
例如:She is a beautiful girl.beautiful就是girl的定语.6.状语,就是句子的枝叶,用来补充说明其时间,地点,条件,程度等.I get up at 6:30. at 6:30就是一个时间状语.I live in Changsha. in Changsha 就是地点状语。
五大基本简单句句型：句型一主语+系动词+表语在了解这个句型之前，我们很有必要知道哪些单词可以作系动词。
这些单词可分为以下几类。
其中一些单词既可以作系动词，也可以作实意动词。
1）状态系动词用来表示主语状态，只有be一词，例如：He is a teacher. 他是一名教师。
（is与补足语一起说明主语的身份。
）2）持续系动词用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep, remain, stay, lie, stand, rest 例如：He always kept silent at meeting. 他开会时总保持沉默。
This matter remains a mystery. 此事仍是一个谜。
The contract stands good for another year. 该合同继续有效一年。
She told me that she rested satisfied. 她告诉我她心满意足了。
The farmland lay barren. 农田成了不毛之地。
The book lay open on the desk. 桌子上的书打开着。
3）表像系动词用来表示"看起来像"这一概念，主要有seem, appear, look, 例如：He looks tired. 他看起来很累。
He seems (to be) very sad. 他看起来很伤心。
4）感官系动词感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, 可翻译为“…起来”，如不行，则为实意动词。
例如：This kind of cloth feels very soft.这种布手感很软。
This flower smells very sweet. 这朵花闻起来很香。
5）变化系动词这些系动词表示主语变成什么样，变化系动词主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run.例如：He became mad after that. 自那之后，他疯了。
She grew rich within a short time. 她没多长时间就富了。
She fell ill as soon as she got to London. 她一到伦敦就生病了6）终止系动词表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove, trun out, 表达"证实"，"变成"之意，例如：The rumor proved false. 这谣言证实有假。
The search proved difficult. 搜查证实很难。
His plan turned out a success. 他的计划终于成功了。
（turn out表终止性结果）英语系动词的功能主要是把表语（名词、形容词、某些副词、非谓词、介词短语、从句）和它的主语联系在一起，说明主语的属性、特征或状态。
它有自己的但不完全的词义，不能在句中独立作谓语，必须和后面的表语一起构成句子的谓语。
它虽是虚词，但是其用法是复杂的，而且不可忽视。
下面我们来讲讲表语，可以充当表语的有形容词、名词、副词(短语)、介词短语、表语从句、分词(短语)等。
例如：In order to keep healthy, he takes exercise everyday. (形容词作表语)In my mind, mother is my hero. (名词作表语)Look! Your pet dog is there. (副词作表语)The schoolbags are in different sizes. (介词短语作表语)You’ve changed a lot. You are not what you were. (表语从句作表语)Many passengers got injured in the accident. (过去分词作表语)The machine keeps running for a long time. （现在分词短语作表语）使用系动词应注意的地方：第一，没有被动语态；第二，一般没有进行时(除了feel以外)；第三，有些动词既是系动词又是普通动词。
如：keep, grow, taste, feel, get, smell 等。
第四，非谓语一般用现在分词(这一点仅作了解，高中阶段将涉及。
)例如：After two-day’s treatment, he felt well again. (不用was felt)He remains an excellent engineer in the factory. (不用is remained)比较以下句子：The pet dog keeps clean. It is kept by Johnson.(keeps是系动词，而kept是及物动词)We grew some trees around our school and they grow green now.(grew是及物动词，而grow是系动词)Just now I felt the table and it felt smooth.(第一个felt是及物动词，而第二个是系动词)句型二主语+谓语主谓句型即由主语加不及物动词组成的简单句。
下列句子为主谓类型：The train has arrived.The door bell rang.Who is calling?I don’t smoke.[练习] 1. 指出划线部分动词的词性，是及物动词还是不及物动词。
(1) Speak aloud so that everyone can follow you. ( )(2) Besides Japanese, he can also speak Spanish. ( )(3) His father used to work hard to make much money. ( )(4) I intended to lie to him, but failed. ( )(5) Unfortunately, I failed the driving test. ( )句型三主语+谓语+宾语这种句型中的谓语动词应为及物动词或者成语动词（不及物动词加介词，副词）。
I wrote a passage last night.I doubt whether he will join us in the debate.We missed going to college for that reason.Everybody laughed at him.Lots of people are applying for the job.句型四主语+及物动词+双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）[讲解] （1）直接宾语和间接宾语是指一些词可以加双宾语时而言的!例如give ,有句型give sb. sth.和give sth. to sb.这种情况下,sb.是间接宾语,sth,是直接宾语.简记为:人间接，物直接。
双宾语指直接宾语与间接宾语。
例如：My father bought me a car.（me为间接宾语，a car 为直接宾语）The singer sang us another song.（us为间接宾语，another song 为直接宾语）（2）如果直接宾语放在及物动词之后、间接宾语之前，那么两个宾语之间应有一个介词(to, for等)。
The teacher offered some advice on learning English to us.The singer sang another song for us.[练习] 在每一空格上填上一个恰当的介词。
(1) Mother bought a birthday cake ______me.(2) Give another apple______her. She likes it.(3) The company will provide some drinks ______ the volunteers.句型五主语+及物动词+复合宾语(宾语+宾补)[讲解] 宾补是用来描述或说明宾语的动作、状态或特征。