动词过去式和过去分词的变化规则动词过去式和过去分词有规则变化和不规则变化两种。
1) 规则变化●一般在动词原形后加-edlook -looked - looked call -called -calledopen -opened -opened need -needed-needed①-ed在清辅音音素后发音为〔t〕,在浊辅音后发音为〔d〕,在元音后发音也为[d]②-ed在t、d后发音为[id]③但fix的过去式和过去分词x不双写,为fixed.●以-e结尾的动词加-dmove -moved -moved phone -phoned -phonedhope -hoped -hoped agree -agreed -agreed●以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,变y为i,再加-edstudy -studied - studied carry -carried-carried try -tried-tried●以元音字母加y结尾的词,直接加-edplay -played -played enjoy -enjoyed -enjoyed stay -stayed -stayed ●末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词,双写该辅音字母,再加-edstop -stopped -stopped plan -planned -planned fit -fitted -fitted●以-r结尾的词,双写r字母,再加-edprefer -preferred -preferred refer-referred -referred2) 不规则变化英语中有些动词的过去式和过去分词形式变化不规则,可分为五种情况。
1.动词原形、过去式和过去分词完全同形。
cut(切),hit(打),cast(扔),hurt(伤害),put(放),let(让)shut(关),cost(花费),set(放),rid(清除)2.过去式与过去分词完全同形。
find(找到)--found, found pay(支付)--paid, paid leave(离开)--left, leftlend(借出)--lent, lent meet(遇见)--met, met keep(保持)--kept, keptlose(丢失)--lost, lost teach(教)--taught, taught sit(坐)--sat, satlead(引导)--led, led win(赢)--won, won3.动词原形与过去分词同形例:come(来)--came--come run(跑)--ran--run become(成为)--became--become4.动词原形、过去式、过去分词形式完全不同。
例:give(给)-gave -given fly(飞)-flew -flowndrink(喝)-drank -drunk see(看见)-saw -seengo(去)-went -gone know(知道)-knew -knownwear(穿)-wore -worn speak(说)-spoke -spoken5.过去式和过去分词有两种形式burn(燃烧)-- burned /burnt -- burned /burnt learn(学习)-- learned /learnt --learned /learntsmell(闻)-- smelled /smelt --smelled /smelt spell (拼写)-- spelled /spelt -- spelled /speltshine(照射)-- shined /shone --shined /shone leap (跳)-- leaped /leapt --leaped /leapt提示◆beat的过去式与原形同形:比:beat(打击)--beat(过去式)--beaten(过去分词)◆lie有规则变化和不规则变化两种,含义不同比:lie---lied---lied 说谎 lie---lay--- lain 躺下,位于,平放 lay---laid---laid 放置,下蛋◆hang 有规则变化和不规则变化两种,含义不同比:hang—hanged--hanged(处绞刑)hang—hung--hung(挂,吊)◆welcome(欢迎)一词是规则动词,不可误用为不规则动词比:welcome—welcomed--welcomed◆不要将不规则动词误用为规则动词比:hit(打)--hit--hit(正)(三)、不规则动词过去式和过去分词归纳A. 原形与过去式和过去分词完全相同.(前面提到过)cost----cost----cost cut----cut----cut put----put----putlet----let----let set----set----set hit----hit----hitshut----shut----shut hurt---hurt----hurt read---read----read 读音/e/B. 过去式与过去分词完全相同(前面提到过)1. 过去式和过去分词中含有ought, aught, 读音是[:t]bright----brought----brought think----thought----thought buy----bought----boughtcatch----caught----caught teach ---- taught ----taught2. 动词原形中的e为o,变成过去式和过去分词。
get----got----got sell----sold----sold tell----told----told3. 动词原形中i为a, sit----sat----sat spit----spat----spat(吐)4. 动词原形中i为o, win----won----won shine----shone/ shined----shone / shined5. 动词原形中an为oo, stand----stood---stood understand----understood----understood6. 动词原形中的ay为aid,… say----said----said pay----paid----paid7. a)动词原形中的d变为t,…send----sent----sent lend----lent----lent spend----spent----spent build----built----builtb ) 动词原形最后一个字母变为t , … smell----smelt----smelt lose----lost----lostc ) 动词原形后加一个字母t, … learn----learnt----learnt mean----meant----meantd ) 动词原形中的ee去掉一个字母e, 然后在词尾加t. 字母e发音/e/feel----felt----felt sleep----slept----slept sweep---swept----swept keep---- kept----- kept 其它meet----met----met have----had----had hold----held----heldmake----made----made dig----dug----dug hear----heard----heardfind----found----found hang----hung----hungC.原型与过去分词相同come----came----come run----ran----run become----became----becomeD. 原形、过去式和过去分词完全不同1. 把动词原形中i改为a变成过去式,改成u变成过去分词.begin ---- began -----begun drink---drank----drunk ring----rang-----rungswim----swam----swum sing----sang----sung2. 把动词原形中o改为e变成过去式,在原形词尾加n变成过去分词.blow----blew----blown grow----grew----grown know---knew---knownthrow ---- threw ---- thrown fly ----flew /flu:/ ----flown ( 和以上相似)3. 以下动词的过去分词都以en结尾,故把它们分为一类.a ) 把动词原形中i改为o变成过去式,在词尾加n变成过去分词.drive----drove----driven rise---rose---risen write---wrote---written (双写t )ride----rode----ridden (双写d )b ) 把动词原形中ea改为o, 在词尾加e变成过去式,在过去式后加n变成过去分词.speak----spoke----spoken steal----stole----stolen break----broke----brokenc ) 把动词原形中的个别字母或字母组合改为o变成过去式, 在过去式后加n变成过去分词. wake----woke----woken freeze----froze----frozenchoose----chose----chosen forget----forgot----forgotten (双写t,加en )d) 其它过去分词以en结尾的动词eat----ate----eaten beat---- beat ---- beaten fall----fell----fallengive----gave----given see----saw----seen take----took----takenmistake---- mistook----- mistaken hide----hid----hidden (双写d )E. 没有过去分词的动词can ----- could may---- might shall---- should will ---- would其它am, is -- was-- been are--were-- been do--did--done draw-----drew----- drawngo---went---gone show---showed---shown wear---wore ----worn。