eg. He sent me a card.=He sent a card to me. She gave me a book.=She gave a book to me. She bought me a tie.=She bought a tie for me. He made me a cake.=He made a cake for me.
五、定语
名词 定语：用来修饰限定_____.
This is a red car. The building is their teaching building. The woman doctor is my wife. I have something to tell you. The man in front of the gate is Mr. Li. Every student has an English book.
基本句型四
S
I
V（及 物）
give
O
O
him a book. me a pen yesterday.
My mother bought
I
showed him my picture.
（让步状语）
9.I am taller than he is. （比较状语）
七、补语
• 补语是用于补充说明主语或宾语的身份或 特征。 Everyone calls him Jack. （宾补）
cold and hungry He run to upstairs______________
(cold and hungry). （主补）
study are playing enjoys said
O
English everyday. football. reading. “Good morning.”
基本句型四 • SV（及物）O（多指人）O（多指物）
（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）
• I give him a book. • My mother bought me a pen yesterday. • I showed him my picture.
•
• •
英语五种基本句型列式如下： 基本句型一： Ｓ Ｖ （主＋谓） 基本句型二： Ｓ Ｖ Ｐ （主＋系＋表） 基本句型三： Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ （主＋谓＋宾） 基本句型四： Ｓ Ｖ ｏ Ｏ （主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾） 基本句型五： Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ Ｃ （主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）
基本句型一 主谓 （S + V）
–S + V
实义动词
二、谓语 （V.）
连系动词 情态动词 助动词
谓语:说明主语做什么或怎么样。通常由 动词 ______ 充当.
• • • • 1. 2. 3. 4. We love China. She seems tired. He can speak English We have finished reading this book.
取得英语语法成功的基石
Part of Speech 词性
词类
作 用
例
词
I bought a book . 1. （n.） 表示人或事 She is a student. 名 词 物的名称。 2. This is my friend. 代替名词、 (pron.） He likes that book because 数词等。 it is very useful to him. 代词
一、句子成分
（一）句子成分的定义： 句子的组成成分叫句子成分。在句子中，词与词之间 有一定的组合关系，按照不同的关系，可以把句子分 为不同的成分。
英语的基本成分有六种：主语（subject）、谓 语（predicate）、宾语（object） /表语 （predicative) 、定语（attribute）和状语 (adverbial)、补语(complement)。
He is small but he is clever. 表示人 The red pen is useful for 3.（adj.）或事物 the teacher. 形容词 的特征 或性状。 He painted the wall white yesterday.
4. 表示数 (num.） 目或顺 数词 序。
六、状语
状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或全 句，说明时间、地点、方式、因果、 条件、让步、方向、程度、目的等。
9种状语种类如下：
1. How about meeting again at six? （时间状语） st night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain.（原因状语） 3.I shall go there if it doesn’t rain.（条件状语） 4.Mr Smith lives on the third floor. （地点状语） 5.She put the eggs into the basket with great care. （方式状语）
基本句型三 主谓宾 • • • • • S+V+O We study English everyday. They are playing football. He enjoys reading. She said “Good morning.”
基本句型三 主谓宾
S
We They He She
V
There are ten apples on the table and I will take the first one.
表示动 5. （v.） 作或状 动 词 态。
We are working hard at English. I want to become an engineer.
他开会时总保持沉默。
3）表像系动词，用来表示"看起来像"这一概念，主要 有seem, appear, look, 例如：
He looks tired.
He seems (to be) very sad. 4）感官系动词，主要有feel, smell, sound, taste This flower smells very sweet.
系动词与实义动词的区别
• A. He looks a clever boy. He looks at a clever boy. • B. The fish tastes quite delicious. The cook is tasting the fish carefully.
三、表语
表语：跟在系动词后面的词或短语,用来说 明主语的身份,特征,状态. The trees turn green. The flowers are beautiful . My job is to teach you English. The question is how we can get there.
does not matter.
基本句型二 • • • •
主系表
S+V+P He is happy. Every thing looks nice. His face turned red.
基本句型二 主系表
S
He
V
is
P
happy. nice. red.
Everything looks His face turned
9. 表示强烈的 Oh ! How beautiful the scene is! (interj.） What a good idea! Goodness ! 感情 感叹词
10. I have a pet dog . 用来限制名 The dog is very lovely. （art.） 词的意义 He is an old man but very strong. 冠词
I like English very much. The teacher treats us 表示动 kindly . 6. （adv.） 作的特 The train goes fast. 副 词 征或性 状特征。 He seldom comes to see us.
表示名 词、代 7. (prep.） 词和其 介 词 他词之 间的关 系。
5）变化系动词，表示主语变成什么样，主要有
become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come
He became mad after that.
6）终止系动词，表示主语已终止动作，主要有
prove, turn out
The rumor proved false. 这谣言证实有假。 His plan turned out a success. 他的计划终于成功了。
He usually stay at home on Sundays.
8. He and I are in the same class 连接词与词 and we are good friends. （conj.） 或句与句的 Two or three of us can dance well 连词 作用。 but I can’t .
四、宾语
宾语：动作行为的对象，说明主语做什么。一 及物动词 介词 般放在_________或_______后面.
1.We study English. 2.He is looking at the dog. 3.Our teacher said that he would go there 双宾语。概念：英语中有些动词可以带两个宾语，这
八、同位语
• 同位语是位于名词或代词后面的个别名词 或名词词组，对前者进行补充说明，做进 一步的解释。
– The Great Wall, one of the wonders in the world, attracts a large number of foreign friends.