第六讲原因状语从句一、原因状语从句的语法1.可以引导原因状语从句的一般连词有because, for ,since, as, now that /。
Because分句位置较为灵活，既可位于主句之前，也可位于主句之后，表示直接原因，语气最强。
for 引导的从句只能位于主句之后，对主句做补充说明。
since, as 分句通常是表示已知的原因，位于句首。
Because he sat up all night with the patient, the doctor looks tired and sleepy. (The doctor looks tired and sleepy, because he sat up all night with the patient.)The doctor looks tired and sleepy, for he sat up all night with the patient.Since he had a certain talent for composition, his English master encouraged him to write little pieces for the college magazine. 因为他有写作的天赋，所以她得英语老师鼓励他给校报写些小短文。
As you are tired, you had better rest.既然累了，你最好休息一下。
Now that you are here, you’d better saty.2. 原因状语从句还可由in that, inasmuch as, now that, seeing that 等复杂连词引导。
I am in a slightly awkward position in that he is not arriving until the 10th.他一直到10号都没有来，因此我有点郁闷。
Now that the new regulations have come into force, thereare far fewer accidents on the roads.由于新的规定已经实施，公路上的车祸也越来越多了。
I am ready to accept your proposal inasmuch(adv. 因的原因) as I believe it to be the best you can offer.我准备接受你的提议是因为我相信这是你可以提供的最好的了。
3. 原因状语从句也可以由on the grounds that, for the reason that, by reason that, for fear that等边际从属连词引导。
She is working hard for fear that she should fail.She is suing for divorce on the grounds that he deserted her and the children.她之所以提出离婚诉讼，是因为他抛弃了她和孩子。
4. 关于not … because结构由于该结构中的否定词not位于主语谓语动词处，优势否定主句，但大多数情况下是否定从句，一般要根据句子的意思作出正确或合乎逻辑的理解。
若not否定主句，最好在because之前用逗号，否则会引起歧义。
如下句在没有特定上下文时就有两种解释：I didn’t go because I was afraid. 我没有去是因为怕。
/我不是因为怕才去。
You shouldn’t get angry just because some people speak illof you. 在此句中因为because之前有just修饰，所以认为not是否定从句的。
你不要因为有人说你坏话而生气。
5. 介词短语because of 和连词soBecause it was raining, we stayed at home.=It was raining, so we stayed at home.I said nothing about it because his wife was there.=I said nothing about it because of his wife’s being there.二、原因状语从句翻译方法1. 译成表“因”的分句：“因”在“果”之前The crops failed because the season was dry.因为气候干旱，作物就欠收。
“果”在“因”之前She could get away with anything, because she looked such a baby. 她能度过任何风险，因为她看上去简直还像娃娃模样。
2. 译成因果偏正复句中的主句：Pure iron is not used in industry because it is too soft.纯铁太软，所以不用在工业上。
Because he was convinced of the accuracy of this fact, he stuck to his position.他深信这件事正确可靠，因此坚持己见。
3. 译成无关联词的因果关系并列分句：Where there is sound, there must be sound waves.哪里有声音，哪里就必有声波。
After all, it did not matter much, because in 24 hours, they were going to be free.反正关系不大，24小时以后他们就自由了。
三、真题练习：1. This will be particularly true since energy pinch will make it difficult to continue agriculture in the high-energy American fashion that makes it possible to combine few farmers with high yields. (1991)2. Actually, it isn’t, because it assumes that there is an agreed account of human rights, which is something the world does not have. (1997)3. Interest in historical methods has arisen less through eternal challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves. (1999)4. The target is wrong, for in attacking the tests, critics divert attention from the fault that lies with ill-informed or incompetent users. (1995)5. The behavioral sciences have been slow to change partly because the explanatory items often seem to be directly observed and partlybecause other kinds of explanations have been hard to find. (2002) 6. Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements－themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport. (2000)7. Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a common life we cannot help considering whether or not we are forming the powers which will secure this ability. (2009)四、参考译文：1. 高耗能的美国式耕作只需很少的人就可以获得高产量，而能源匮乏导致这种耕作方式无法继续，所以产生的粮食无法满足增长的人口的需要这一问题将会成为现实。
2. 事实并非如此，因为这种问法是以人们对人权有共同认识为基础的，而这种共同认识并不存在。
3. 人们之所以对历史研究的方法感兴趣，主要是因为史学界内部的意见不一致，其次是因为外界没有把历史学看成一门学问。
4. 把标准化测试作为评级的目标是错误的，因为在评级这类测试时，批评者没有注意到测试的弊病在于使用测试的人对测试不甚了解或使用不当。
5. 行为科学之所以发展缓慢，部分原因是用来解释行为的依据似乎往往是直接观察得到的，部分原因是其它的解释一直很难找到。
6. 由于人口的猛增或大量人口流动（现代交通工具使这种流动相对容易）造成的种种问题也会对社会造成新的压力。
7. 由于我们队年轻人所做的首要工作在于使他们能够在生活中彼此相容，因此我们不禁要考虑自己是否在形成让他们获得这种能力的力量。