自考本科学位英语试卷题型介绍英语试卷为笔试，考试时间120分钟，卷面总分100分，包括以下题型：自考本科学位英语模拟习题集Part One: Reading ComprehensionPassage 1:Adam Smith was the first person to see the importance of the division of the labor. He gave us an example of the process by which pins were made in England."One man draws out the wire, another strengthens it, a third cuts it, a fourth points it, and a fifth gives it a head. Just to make the head requires two or three different operations. The work of making pins is divided into about eighteen different operations, which in some factories are all performed by different people, though in others the same man will sometimes perform two or three of them. Ten men, Smith said, in this way, turned out twelve pounds of pins a day or about 4800 pins a worker. But if all of them had worked separately and independently without division of labor, they certainly could not have made twenty pins in a day and not even one.There can be no doubt that division of labor is an efficient way of organizing work. Fewer people can make more pins. Adam Smith saw this, but he also took it for granted that division of labor is itself responsible for economic growth and development and it accounts for the difference between expanding economies and those that stand still. But division of labor adds nothing new, it only enables people to produce more of what they already have.1. According to the passage, Adam Smith was the first person to__________a. take advantage of the physical labor.b. introduce the division of labor into England.c. understand the effects of the division of labor.d. explain the bad causes of the division of labor.2. Adam Smith saw that the division of labor__________.a. enabled each worker to design pins more quicklyb. increased the possible output per workerc. increased the number of people employed in factoriesd. improved the quality of pins produced3. Adam Smith mentioned the number 4800 in order to__________.a. show the advantages of the old labor systemb. stress how powerful the individual worker wasc. show the advantages of the division of labord. stress the importance of increased production4. According to the writer, Adam Smith's mistake was in believing that the division oflabor__________.a. was an efficient way of organizing workb. was an important development in methods of productionc. finally led to economic developmentd. increased the production of existing goods5. According to the writer, which one of the following is NOT tree?a. Division of labor can enable fewer people to make more pins.b. Division of labor helps people to produce more of what they already have.c. Division of labor is by no means responsible for economic growth.d. Division of labor is an efficient way of organizing work.Passage 2My husband and I got married in 1981 and for the first ten years of our marriage I was very happy to stay home and raise our three children. Then four years ago, our youngest child went to school and I thought I might go back to work.My husband was very supportive and helped me to make my decision. He emphasized all of the things I can do around the house, and said he thought I could be a great success in business.After several weeks of looking for a job, I found my present job, which is working for a small public relations firm. At first, my husband was very proud of me and would tell his friends, “My clever little wife can run that company she’s working for.”But as his joking statement approached truth, my husband stopped talking to me about my job. I have received several promotions and pay increases, and I’m now making more money than he is. I can buy my own clothes and a new car. Because of our joined incomes, my husband and I can do many things we had always dreamed of doing, but we don’t do these things because he is very unhappy.We fight about little things and my husband is very critical of me in front of our friends. For the first time in our marriage, I think it is possible that our marriage may come to an end.I love my husband very much, and I don’t want him to feel inferior, but I also love my job. I think I can be a good wife and a working woman, but I don’t know how. Who can give me some advice? Will I have to choose one or the other or can I keep both my husband and my new career?1. When was the passage most probably written?a. In 1991b. Around 1996c. In 1981d. Four years ago2. The husband was supportive, for he _______.a. praised her for all the housework she had done.b. took over what she used to do at homec. encouraged herd. made the decision for her3. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?a. It only took several days for her to find the job she is now doing.b. For the first time since their marriage, the writer doesn’t think her husband isas kind as before.c. Her husband stopped talking to her about her job when her career wasapproaching success.d. Her husband has been proud of her for every success she has won on the job.4. As she was making more money, ______.a. she did a lot of things she had dreamed ofb. she found a gap taking place between themc. she could buy many clothes and a new housed. she was very critical of her husband5. The difficult position a working woman is in is a choice between _____.a. husband and friendsb. career and payc. children and workd. job and marriagePassage 3:All of us communicate with one another nonverbally （不使用语言地）, as well as with words. Most of the time, we’re not aware that we’re doing it. We gesture with eyebrows or a hand, meet someone else’s eyes and look away, change positions in a chair. These actions we assume are occasional. However in recent years researchers have discovered that there is a system to them almost as consistent and understandable as language.One important kind of body language is eye behavior. Americans are careful about how and when they meet one another’s eyes. In our normal conversation, each eye contact lasts only about a second before one or both of us look away. When two Americans look searchingly into each other’s eyes, they become more intimate. Therefore, we carefully avoid this, except in suitable situations.Researchers who are engaged in the study of communication through body movement are not prepared to spell out a precise vocabulary of gestures. When an American rubs his nose, it may mean he is disagreeing with someone or refusing something. But there are other possible interpretations (解释), too. Another example; when a student in conversation with a professor holds the older man’s eyes a little longer than is usual, it can be a sign of respect; it can be a challenge to the professor’s authority (权威); it can be something else entirely. The researchers look for patterns in the situation, not for a separate meaningful gesture.Communication between human beings would be just dull if it were all done with words.1.The main idea of this article is that ________.a study of communication through body movement is a new scienceb body movements are as important as words in communicationc all of us communicate with one anotherd eye behavior is the most important part in body language2.What do researchers think of body language?a Body language can be understood and used by people in communication.b Body language is more important than spoken language in communication.c Body language has been discovered in recent years.d Body language is the study of communication through body movement.3.The word “intimate” in paragraph 2 probably means ________.a.greatb.closec.goodd.important4.According to the passage, you make an American person feel uncomfortable, ifyou ______________.a.meet his eyesb.avoid meeting his eyesc.stare into his eyes for one secondd.look into his eyes for a long time5.The sentence “The researchers look for patterns in the situation, not for a separatemeaningful gesture” means _________.a.the researchers explain the meaning of a gesture according to the situation inwhich it is usedb.the researchers believe that one gesture has only one meaningc.the researchers think that one gesture can not be used in different situationsd.the researchers look for patterns in textbooks to explain the meaning of agesturePassage 4:I arrived in the United States on February 6, 1966, but I remember my first day here very clearly. My friend was waiting for me when my plane landed at Kennedy Airport at three o’clock in the afternoon. The weather was very cold and it was snowing, but I was too excited to mind. From the airport, my friend and I took a taxi to my hotel. On the way, I saw the skyline of Manhattan for the first time and I stared in astonishment at the famous skyscrapers and their man-made beauty. My friend helped me unpack at the hotel and then left me because he had to go back to work. He promised to return the next day.Shortly after my friend had left, I went to a restaurant near the hotel to get something to eat. Because I couldn’t speak a word of English, I couldn’t tell the waiter what I wanted. I was very upset and started to make some gestures, but the waiter didn’t understand me. Finally, I ordered the same thing the man at the next table was eating. After dinner, I started to walk along Broadway until I came to Times Square with its movie theatres, neon lights, and huge crowds of people. I did not feel tired, so I continued to walk around the city. I wanted to see everything on my first day. I knew it was impossible, but I wanted to try.When I returned to the hotel, I was tired, but I couldn’t sleep because I kept hearing the fire and police sirens during the night. I lay awake and thought about New York. It was a very big and interesting city with many tall buildings and big cars, and full of noise and busy people. I also decided right then that I had to learn to speak English.1 On the way to his hotel, the writer _________.a. was silent all the timeb. kept talking to his friendc. looked out of the window with great interestd. showed his friend something he brought with him2 He went to ________ to get something to eat.a. a tea houseb. a pubc. a café roomd. a nearby restaurant3 He did not have what he really wanted, because ______.a. he only made some gesturesb. he did not order at allc. he could not make himself understoodd. the waiter was unwilling to serve4 The waiter _________.a. knew what he would orderb. finally understood what he saidc. took the order through his gesturesd. served the same thing the man at the next table was having5 After dinner, he ________.a. walked back to the hotel right awayb. had a walking tour about the cityc. went to the moviesd. did some shopping on BroadwayPassage 5Alfred Nobel, the Swedish inventor and industrialist, was a man of many contrasts. He was the son of a bankrupt, but became a millionaire; a scientist with a love of literature, an industrialist who managed to remain an idealist. He made a fortune but lived a simple life, and although cheerful in company he was often sad in private. A lover of mankind, he never had a wife or family to love him; a patriotic son of his native land, he died alone on foreign soil. He invented a new explosive, dynamite, to improve the peacetime industries of mining and road building, but saw it used as a weapon of war to kill and injure his fellow men. During his useful life he often felt he was useless: “Alfred Nobel,” he once wrote to himself,“ought to have been put to death by a kind doctor as soon as, with a cry, he entered the world”World-famous for his works he was never personally well known, for throughout his life he avoided publicity. “I don’t see,” he once said, “that I have deserved any fame and I have no taste for it,” but since his death his name has brought fame and glory toothers.He was born in Stockholm on October 21, 1833 but moved to Russia with his parents in 1842, where his father, Immanuel, made a strong position for himself in the engineering industry. Immanuel Noble invented the landmine and made a lot of money from government orders for it during the Crimean War, but went bankrupt soon after. Most of the family returned to Sweden in 1859, where Alfred rejoined them in 1863, beginning his own study of explosive in his father’s laboratory. He had never been to school or university but had studied privately and by the time he was twenty was a skillful chemist and excellent linguist, speaking Swedish, Russian, German, French and English. Like his father, Alfred Noble was imaginative and inventive, but he had better luck in business and showed more financial sense. He was quick to see industrial openings for his scientific inventions and built up over 80 companies in 20 different countries. Indeed his greatness lay in his outstanding ability to combine the qualities of an original scientist with those of a forward –looking industrialist.But Nobel’s main concern was never with making money or even with making scientific discoveries. Seldom happy, he was always searching for a meaning to life, and from his youth had taken a serious interest in literature and philosophy. Perhaps because he could not find ordinary human love---he never married---he came to care deeply about the whole of mankind. He was always generous to the poor:“I’d rather take care of the stomachs of the living than the glory of the dead in the form of stone memorials,”he once said. His greatest wish, however, was to see an end to wars, and thus peace between nations, and he spent much time and money working for this cause until his death in Italy in 1896. His famous will, in which he left money to provide prizes for outstanding work in Physics, Chemistry, Physiology, Medicine, Literature and Peace, is a memorial to his interests and ideals. And so, the man who felt he should have died at birth is remembered and respected long after his death.1. According to the author, scientists usuallya. take a serious interest in literature.b. take a serious interest in literature as well as in science.c. take no serious interest in literature.2. The expression “have no taste for ”meansa. don’t likeb. try to avoidc. have no ability to enjoy3. From the context we can guess that a “linguist” must bea. an inventor in the engineering industry.b. a scientist with a talent for language learning.c. a person who studies and is good at foreign languages.4. Alfred Noble stood head and shoulders above others becausea. he had a rich father.b. he had never married and he had enough time to work.c. as a scientist he was imaginative and inventive and as an industrialist he showedprudent judgment and great foresight.5. “I’d rather take care of the stomachs of the living than the glory of the dead in theform of stone memorials.” The implication of this statement isa. we should honor the dead in some other way rather than by building stonemonuments for them.b. rather than spend money and make efforts in building monuments in memory ofthe dead, we should do something to provide more food for the living.c. when we are planning to build monuments to honor the dead, we should alsomake real efforts to provide the living with more food.Passage 6I live in the land of Disney, Hollywood and year-round –sun. You may think people in such a glamorous, fun-filled place are happier than others. If so, you have some mistaken ideas about the nature of happiness.Many intelligent people still equate happiness with fun. The truth is that fun and happiness have little or nothing in common. Fun is what we experience during an act. Happiness is what we experience after an act. It is a deeper, more abiding emotion.Going to an amusement park or a ball game, watching a movie or television, are fun activities that help us relax, temporarily forget our problems and maybe even laugh. But they do not bring happiness, because their positive effects end when the fun ends.I have often thought that if Hollywood stars have a role to play, it is to teach us that happiness has nothing to do with fun. These rich, beautiful individuals have constant access to glamorous parties, fancy cars, expensive homes, everything that spells “happiness”. But in memoir after memoir, celebrities reveal the unhappiness hidden beneath all their fun: depression, alcoholism, drug addiction, broken marriages, troubled children, and profound loneliness.Yet people continue to believe that the next, more glamorous party, more expensive car, more luxurious vacation, fancier home will do what all the other parties, cars, vacations, homes have not been able to do.The way people cling to the belief that a fun-filled, pain-free life equals happiness actually diminishes their chances of ever attaining real happiness. If fun and pleasure are equated with happiness, then pain must be equated with unhappiness. But, in fact, the opposite is true: More times than not, things that lead to happiness involve some pain.As a result, many people avoid the very endeavors that are the source of true happiness. The fear the pain inevitably brought by such things as marriage, raising children, professional achievement, religious commitment, civic or charitable work, self-improvement.Ask a bachelor why he resists marriage even though he finds dating to be less and less satisfying. If he’s honest, he will tell you that he is afraid of making a commitment. For commitment is in fact quite painful. The single life is filled with fun, adventure, and excitement. Marriage has such moments, but they are not its most distinguishing features.Similarly, couples who choose not to have children are deciding in favor ofpainless fun over painful happiness. They can dine out whenever they want and sleep as late as they want. Couples with infant children are luck to get a whole night’s sleep or a three-day vacation. I don’t know any parent who would choose the word fun to describe raising children.But couples who decide not to have children never experience the pleasure of hugging them or tucking them into bed at night. They never know the joys of watching a child grow up or of playing with a grandchild.Of course I enjoy doing fun things. I like to play racquetball, joke with kids (and anybody else), and I probably have too many hobbies.But these forms of fun do not contribute in the any real way to my happiness. More difficult endeavors ------ writing, raising children, creating a deep relationship with my wife,trying to do good in the world ----- will bring me more happiness than can ever be found in fun, that least permanent of things.Understanding and accepting that true happiness has nothing to do with fun is one of the most liberating realizations we can ever come to. It liberates time: now we can devote more hours to activities that can genuinely increase our happiness. It liberates money: buying that new car or those fancy clothes that will do nothing to increase our happiness now seems pointless. And it liberates us from envy: we now understand that all those rich and glamorous people we were so sure are happy because they are always having so much fun actually may not be happy at all.The moment we understand that fun does not bring happiness, we begin to lead our lives differently. The effect can be, quite literally, life-transforming.1. It is a mistake to think that ________.a.people in Disney, Hollywood, are enjoying greater fun than othersb.people having year-round sun are happier than people elsewherec.fun is essentially the same as happinessd.intelligent people are happier than others2. Which of the following is true?a.Happiness is enduring whereas fun is short-livedb.Fun creates long-lasting satisfaction.c.Fun provides enjoyment while pain leads to happiness.d.Fun that is long-standing may lead to happiness.3. In the author’s opinion, marriage _______.a. affords greater funb. leads to raising childrenc. ends in paind. implies commitment4. If one knows the true sense of happiness, he will________.a. stop playing games and joking with othersb. make the best use of his time increasing happinessc. give a free hand to moneyd. keep himself with his family5. As the result of a mistaken idea about happiness, one_______.a. easily gets annoyed with his wifeb. finds fun the least permanent of thingsc. tends to prefer leisure to workd. busily engages himself in too many hobbiesPassage 7Diana Golden was 12 years old when she found out she had cancer. She was walking home one day after playing in the snow when her right leg simply gave out. Doctors diagnosed the problem as bone cancer. They recommended removing her leg above the knee.When Diana heard the news, she asked the first question that came into her mind. “Will I still be able to ski?”“When the doctors said “yes’”, she later recalled “I figured it wouldn’t be too bad.” That attitude was characteristic of Diana’s outlook of life. Losing a leg would cause most children to lose confidence and hope, but Diana refused to dwell on the negative. “Losing a leg?”she’d say, “it’s noting. A body part.”Most of all, Diana didn’t want to let cancer stop her from doing what she loved. And what she loved was skiing. Diana had been on skis since the age of five. Her home in Lincoln, Massachusetts, was just a couple of hours from New Hampshire’s Cannon Mountain. After the operation, Diana worked hard to get back to the mountain. “I always skied, and I intended to keep on skiing. There was never any question in my mind about that,” she declared. Seven months after losing her leg, Diana met her goal. She was back out on the slopes.Skiing wasn’t quite the same with just one leg, but Diana made the best of it. She learned to go faster on one leg than most people could go on two. In high school, Diana became a member of her school’s ski racing team. And in 1979, when she was just 17, she became a member of the U.S. Disabled Ski Team.After high school, Diana Golden went on to Dartmouth College. There she saw how top two-legged skiers trained. Determined not to be left behind, Diana began training with the Dartmouth team. When they ran round the track, she followed them on crutches. When they ran up and down the steps of the football stadium, she went up and down the steps too---by hopping. “I had to adapt,” she later explained. “I was an athlete. I had one leg, which meant I had to do it differently.”In 1982, Diana entered her first international ski race. She went to the World Handicapped Championships in Norway, where she won the downhill competition. In 1986, Diana won the Beck Award, which is given to the best American racer in international skiing. The next year, she placed 10th in a race against some of the best non-disabled skiers in the country. And in 1988, she was named Ski Racing magazine’s U.S. Female Skier of the year.As a result of her courage and determination, Diana has changed the way the world looks at disabled athletes. People have begun to see them as strong and competent. “Everyone has some kind of “disability”,” Diana says. “It is what we do with our abilities that matters.”In 1990, Diana retired from racing for good.1 When Diana lost her leg, she was_________.a. very discouraged.b.quite unhappyc.still optimisticd. unaffected.2. In 1986, Diana won the Beck Award, which is given to the bestAmerican__________.a. disabled skierb. woman skierc. racer in international skiing.d. Olympic skiing champion3. The author probably wrote this passage to ______.a. inform you about disabled skiersb. inspire you with Diana’s couragec. describe the events in international ski competitions.d. tell about the disadvantages of being a disabled skier.4. Which sentence below correctly restates the following: “determined not to be leftbehind, Diana began training with the Dartmouth team.”a. Diana began training so she could make the Dartmouth team.b. Diana trained with the Dartmouth team so she would n’t finish last in her races.c. Diana wanted to keep up, so she trained with the Dartmouth team.d. Diana wanted to be as good as the Dartmouth team so she trained with theteam.5. Which of the following is the best summary of the passage?a. After Diana lost a leg to cancer, she learned to ski on one leg.b. After losing a leg to cancer, Diana trained hard and won an Olympic goldmedal.c. After Diana lost a leg to cancer, she was still competent in many sport events.d. After losing a leg to cancer, Diana worked hard to become a champion skierand a respected athlete.Passage 8Several years ago my parents, my wife, my son, and I ate at one of those restaurants where the menu is written on a blackboard. After a wonderful dinner, the waiter set the bill in the middle of the table. That’s when it happened: my father did not reach for the bill.Conversation continued. Finally it dawned on me. I was supposed to pick up the bill! After hundreds of restaurant meals with my parents, after a lifetime of thinking of my father as the one who had the money, it had all changed. I reached for the check, and my view of myself was suddenly altered. I was an adult.Some people mark off their lives in years; I measure mine in small events—in rites of my passage. I did not become a young man at a particular age, like 13, but rather when a kid walked into the store where I worked and called my “mister”. He repeated it several times, looking straight at me. The realization hit like a punch: Me! I was suddenly a mister. There have been other milestones. The cops of my youth always seemed big, even huge, and of course they were older than I was. Then one day they were suddenly neither. In fact, some were kids—short kids at that. The day camewhen I suddenly realized that all the football players in the game I was watching were younger than I was. They were just big kids. With that milestone went the dream that someday, maybe, I too could be a football player. Without ever having reached the bill, I was over it.I never thought that I would fall asleep in front of the television set as my father did. Now it’s what I do best. I never thought that I would go to the beach and not swim. Yet I spent all of August at the seaside and never once went into the ocean. I never thought that I would like opera, but now the sadness and combination of voice and orchestra appeal to me. I never thought that I would prefer to stay home at evenings, but now I find myself passing up parties. I used to think that people who watched birds were strange, but this summer I found myself watching them, and maybe I’ll get a book on the subject. I long for a religious conviction that I never thought I’d want, and in arguments with my son, I repeat what my father used to say to me. I still lose.One day I bought a house. One day — what a day! — I became a father, and not too long after that I picked up the bill for my own father. I thought then it was a rite of passage for me. But one day, when I was a little older, I realized it was one for him too. Another milestone.1. When the young man picked up the bill and paid it ________.a.he felt that his father should have paid it.b.he was glad to have the chance to pay the bill for once.c.he realized he was now an adult.d.his father said he would pay it as he usually did so.2. The man marked off his life not by the passing years but by________.a. comparing himself with other people.b. certain meaningful events.c. counting the milestones of the past.d. recalling events of the past.3. When the writer was young __________.a. he looked forward to the day when he would be like his father.b. it seemed to him that the policemen were big and tall.c. he felt bird watching was an interesting hobby.d. he couldn’t understand why his father fell asleep while watching TV.4. Why didn’t the writer go swimming while he was at the beach in August?a. Because he liked going to the opera.b. Because he preferred to watch birds.c. Because he was not young anymore.d. Because he did not know how to swim.5. When the writer argued with his son ________.a. he used the same reasons as his father did.b. he always succeeded in winning the argument.c. he sometimes managed to persuade his son to agree with him.d. he seldom succeeded in winning.。