当前位置:文档之家› 高考必考语法精讲精练专题十二:非谓语动词(含解析)

高考必考语法精讲精练专题十二:非谓语动词(含解析)

高考必考语法精讲精练语法专题十二:非谓语动词非谓语动词是高考必考点,《2017年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲》附录语法了谓语之外的其他成分,如下表:动词不定式一、动词不定式的形式二、动词不定式的用法动词不定式可以充当谓语之外的所有句子成分,动词不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语,没有人称和数的变化,但有时态和语态的变化。

1.作主语(1)动词不定式作主语,一般表示具体的某次动作,谓语动词用单数形式。

例如:①To see is to believe.②To master English is of great importance.(2)不定式或不定式短语作主语时,常用it作形式主语,构成“It is + adj+for sb.+to do”结构,或It is +adj+for sth +to be done。

例如:①It is impossible for him to give up smoking.②It is not easy to find your way in the mountain.③It is difficult for the problem to be solved.④It is impossible for my question to be answered in his absence.2.作宾语(1)动词不定式作宾语时,常跟在某些及物动词后面,常见的有:agree,dare,decide,expect,help,hope,learn,manage,offer,pretend,promise,refuse,want, intend, fail, wish, choose等。

例如:①I mean to go there at once.②We must learn to tell friends from enemies.(2)不定式短语作宾语时,如果还带有宾语补足语,往往把不定式短语放在宾补之后,而用it作形式宾语。

句型为“主语+find (feel, think, believe, consider,etc) +it+形容词/名词+to do sth”。

例如:①I think it necessary to report the thing to the teacher.②I find it interesting to work with him.(3)动词不定式还可以用作介词except、but和besides的宾语,如果介词前为动词do的某种形式,则后面接不带to的不定式,否则带to。

cannot choose but、cannot help but和cannot but后的不定式也省略to。

常用句型有:There is nothing to do but+do例如:There is nothing to do but wait.do nothing but/except+do 例如:We can do nothing but wait.cannot help/choose but+do 例如:We cannot choose but wait.have no choice but to do 例如:We have no choice but to wait.3.作表语动词不定式作表语,常放在系动词之后,表示将来的动作,主语常常是表示意向、打算、计划的词,如wish,task,purpose,duty,job等。

例如:①To teach is to learn.②My job is to help the patient.【注意】如果在主语中(通常在主语从句或修饰主语的定语从句中)有实义动词do时,作表语的动词不定式省略to。

例如:All I want to do now (What I want to do now) is fill my stomach.4.作定语不定式可以放在名词、代词、序数词、the only和形容词最高级等后面作定语。

常被不定式修饰的名词有:chance,need,promise,time,opportunity,way等。

不定式常表示将来的动作。

(1)不定式与被修饰的名词往往构成逻辑上的关系。

如果不定式与该句的主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系,则不定式用主动形式;如果不定式与该句的主语不构成逻辑上的主谓关系,则不定式用被动形式。

例如:①He is not a man to tell lies.②There will not be enough space to stand in on the earth.③--- I will go home tomorrow,do you have anything to be taken to your parents? ---No,thanks.(2)作定语的不定式与所修饰的名词之间是动宾关系,而且不定式动词又是不及物动词时,应在该动词上加上一个介词。

例如:①He has a nice pen to write with.②He is looking for a room to live in.③It is said that the best way to travel by is on foot.5.作状语不定式作状语时,可表示目的、原因、结果或条件。

例如:I’m very glad to hear the news. (原因)不定式作目的状语时,常可构成in order to, so as to 例如:He got up early so as not to be late.不定式可以跟在表语的形容词之后作状语。

例如:The question is difficult to answer.有些不定式短语可以做独立成份,通常放在句首,有时置于句中或句未,须用逗号的开,如:to begin with,to be honest,to tell you the truth等。

例如:To be honest,my English is poor.不定式作结果状语常用如下句型:Too + 形容词/副词+ to do sth 例如:He is too young to go to school.形容词/副词+ enough + to do sth 例如:He is old enough to dress himself.enough+名词+to do sth 例如:I have enough money to buy a car.such +(形容词)名词+as to do sth 例如:He is such a clever boy as to work out the question quickly.so + 形容词/副词+ as to do sth 例如:He is so clever a boy as to work out the question quickly.【注意】不定式作状语,其逻辑主语与句子主语必须一致。

【注意】不定式可以放在only后面表示未曾预料的结果。

例如:①He hurried to the railway station,only to find that the train had left.②I got to his house ,only to be told that he wasn’t in.6.作补语(宾语补足语和主语补足语),有两种情况:(1)接带to的不定式作宾语补足语,这类动词或动词短语有:ask, tell, invite, force, get, beg, allow, help, wish, want, like, hate, prefer, expect, encourage, advise, persuade, instruct, permit, request, order, warn, cause, urge, call on, depend on, long for, wait for等,构成V+sb.+to do结构。

例如:①I didn’t mean you to hear it.②We are longing for the new term to begin.(2)在感官动词(see, hear, feel, listen to , notice, watch, observe等)和使役动词(let, have,make )后的补足语中,不定式不带to。

但这类句子变成被动语态时,必须带to。

(注意:let, have不用于被动语态)例如:①I saw him play in the park.→He was seen to play in the park.②The boss made those men work day and night.→Those men were made to work day and night.注意:tell、advise等动词后面可以接“连接代词或连接副词+to do”作宾语补足语。

例如:You did not tell me how to pronounce the word.动名词动名词的基本形式是由动词末尾加-ing形式构成,动名词具有动词和名词的特点:动词的特点体现在它可以有自己的宾语、状语和补足语,有时态和语态的变化;名词的特点体现在它可以作主语、宾语、表语和定语。

一、动名词的时态、语态和否定形式动名词的时态有一般式和完成式;语态有主动和语态和被动语态;动名词的否定式是直接在其前面加上not 。

以do 为例,列表说明如下:1、动名词的时态。

动名词的一般式表示的动作通常是一般性的动作,即不是明确地发生在过去、现在或将来的动作,或者是与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生的动作;完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。

例如:①I am interested in playing basketball. ②He didn’t mention having met you at the meeting. 2、动名词的语态。

如果句子的主语是该动名词动作的承受者,即句子的主语与动名词构成逻辑上的动宾关系,则动名词要用被动形式。

例如: ①She didn’t mind being left at home.(句子的主语she 与动词leave 构成动宾关系,且动作基本同时发生。

)②I forgot having been told about it. (句子的主语I 与动词tell 构成动宾关系,且动作已经完成。

)二、动名词的语法功能1.作主语:动名词做主语可以放在句首,有时候也可以用it 做形式主语,常常构成一些固定句型,如:It’s a waste of time doing...;It’s no use/good doing...例如:①Teaching is my full-time job.②Writing an English composition is not easy. ③It’s a waste of time arguing with him.④It’s no use taking this kind of medicine.2.作宾语:(1)作动词的宾语。

相关主题