过去分词的用法1. 分词的定义动词的-ed分词即过去分词，是由动词的过去分词构成，一般只有一种形式。

2. 过去分词的语法作用过去分词一方面具有动词的性质，另一方面也相当于一个形容词或副词，在句中可以作表语、定语、状语和补足语。

3. 过去分词作表语1)过去分词作表语，主要表示主语的心理感觉或所处的状态。

如：Don’t touch the glass because it is broken. 不要碰那个杯子，它是坏的。

He is quite pleased with the design of the dress. 她很喜欢那礼服的式样。

2)及物动词的过去分词作表语，与句子主语是被动关系，表示主语的状态，既表示被动，又表示完成。

The cup is broken. 茶杯破了。

3)不及物动词的过去分词作表语，与句子主语是主动关系，表示主语的状态，只表示动作的完成。

He is retired. 他已退休。

4)过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别：过去分词作表语，主要是表示主语的状态，而被动语态则表示动作。

The cup was broken by my little sister yesterday. 茶杯是昨天我小妹打碎的。

(是被动语态,表示动作)The library is now closed. 图书馆关门了。

(过去分词作表语)4. 过去分词作定语1)单个的过去分词作定语一般放在名词的前面，相当于一个定语从句。

The excited people rushed into the building. 激动的人们奔进了大楼。

=The people who were excited rushed into the building.2)过去分词短语作定语通常放在被修饰的词后面，相当于一个定语从句。

The suggestion made by the foreign expert was adopted by the manager.外国专家提出来的建议被经理采纳了。

=The suggestion that was made by the foreign expert was adopted by the manager.3)过去分词作定语也可用作非限制性定语，前后用逗号隔开。

The books, written by Lu Xun, are popular with many Chinese people.这些书是鲁迅写的，受到了许多中国人民的喜爱。

=The books, which are written Lu Xun, are popular with many Chinese people.4)用来修饰人的过去分词有时可以转移到修饰非人的事物，这种过去分词在形式上虽不直接修饰人，但它所修饰的事物仍与人直接有关。

The boy looked up with a satisfied expression. 男孩带着满意的表情举目而视。

The worried look deepened upon her face. 她脸上的愁容加重了。

5. 过去分词作宾补能够接过去分词作宾补的动词有以下四类：1)表示感觉或心理状态的动词。

如：see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, feel, notice, think等。

I heard the song sung in English. 我听到有人用英语唱过这首歌。

He found his hometown greatly changed. 他发现他的家乡变化很大。

2) 表示“致使”意义的动词。

如：have make, get, keep, leave等。

I’ll have my hair cut tomorrow. 明天我要理发。

Don’t leave those things undone. 要把那些事情做完。

3)表示思维活动的动词如consider，know，think等后。

如：I consider the matter settled. 我认为这件事解决了。

4)表示爱憎,意愿的动词，如want, wish, like, hate等后。

如：I wanted two tickets reserved. 我要预定两张机票。

5)过去分词作宾补时，其所表示的动作一定和宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系。

He didn’t wish it mentioned. 他不愿这事被提起。

(mention it)He got his tooth pulled out yesterday. 他昨天把牙拔了。

(pull his tooth out)6)使役动词have接过去分词作宾补有两种情况。

①过去分词所表示的动作由他人完成。

You’d better have that bad tooth pulled out. 你最好找医生把那颗坏牙拔掉。

②表示主语的经历或遭遇。

He had his leg broken.他的腿断了。

(自己的经历)6. with+宾语+过去分词此结构中，过去分词用作介词with的宾语补足语.这一结构通常在句中作时间，方式，条件，原因等状语。

(1)The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back.凶手被带进来了，他的双手被绑在背后。

(表方式)(2) With water heated, we can see the steam. 水一被加热，我们就会看到水蒸气。

(表条件)(3) With the matter settled, we all went home. 事情得到解决，我们都回家了。

(表原因)(4) She stood in front of him, with her eyes fixed on his face. 她站在他面前，眼睛注视着他。

(5) He stood for an instant with his hand still raised. 他仍然举着手站了一会儿。

7. 过去分词作状语1)过去分词作状语时，它的逻辑主语一般必须和句子的主语相一致。

Born and brought up in the countryside, he was interested in biology.由于在农村出生并长大，他对生物很感兴趣。

2)过去分词作状语时，过去分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作，它们之间的关系是被动关系。

Given more attention, the trees could have grown better.如果对这些树多关心一些，它们本来会长得更好。

3)过去分词和-ing分词作状语一样，也可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。

①表时间，相当于一个时间状语从句，有时过去分词前可加连词when或while来强调时间概念。

如：Seen from the top of the hill, the city looked like a big garden.从山顶上看，这个城市就像一个大花园。

②表原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。

如：Deeply moved by the story, the excited people stopped quarrelling with each other.激动的人们被那个故事深深地感动了，停止了争吵。

③表条件，相当于一个条件状语从句，有时过去分词前可用if等词。

如：Given another chance, he will do better. 再给他一次机会，他会做得更好。

④表让步，相当于一个though/although引导的让步状语从句。

如：Exhausted by the running, they went on running after the robber.尽管已经跑得筋疲力尽，他们还是继续追赶着那个强盗。

⑤表方式或伴随情况。

如：The old man went into the room, supported by his wife.那个老人在他的妻子的搀扶下走进了房间。

[高考链接]1.The rare fish, _____ from the cooking pot, has been returned to the sea.A. savedB. savingC. to be savedD. having saved2. Even the best writers sometimes find themselves ______ for words.A. loseB. lostC. to loseD. having lost3. Tsinghua University, ____ in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures.A. foundB. foundingC. foundedD. to be founded4. ______ an important role in a new movie, Andy has a chance to become famous.A. OfferB. OfferingC. OfferedD. To offer5. ______ into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order.A. TranslatingB. TranslatedC. To translateD. Having translated6. Claire had luggage _______ an hour before her plane left.A. checkB. checkingC. to checkD. checked7. Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself ______ of his own dreams.A. remindingB. to remindC. remindedD. remind8. The players______ from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game.A. selectingB. to selectC. selectedD. having selected9. Lucy has a great sense of humor and always keeps her colleagues ______ with her stories.A. amusedB. amusingC. to amuseD. to be amused10. So far nobody has claimed the money _______ in the library.A. discoveredB. to be discoveredC. discoveringD. having discovered11. A great number of students _______ said they were forced to practise the piano.A. to questionB. to be questionedC. questionedD. questioning12. Mrs. White showed her students some old maps ______ from the library.A. to borrowB. to be borrowedC. borrowedD. borrowing13. ______ from the top of the tower, the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees.A. SeenB. SeeingC. Having seenD. To see14. Though _______ to see us, the professor gave us a warm welcome.A. surprisingB. as surprisedC. surprisedD. being surprised15. Alexander tried to get his work _______ in the medical circles.A. to recognizeB. recognizingC. recognizeD. recognized16. I’m calling to enquire about the position _______ in yesterday’s China Daily.A. advertisedB. to be advertisedC. advertiseD. having advertised17. For breakfast he only drinks juice from fresh fruit _____ on his own farm.A. grownB. being grownC. to be grownD. to grow18. The way the guests _____ in the hotel influenced their evaluation of the service.A. treatedB. were treatedC. would treatD. would be treated19. ______ not to miss the flight at 15:20, the manager set out for the airport in a hurry.A. RemindingB. RemindedC. To remindD. Having reminded20. _____ the right kind of training , these teenage soccer players may one day grew theinternational stars.A. GivingB. Having givenC. To giveD. Given21. With the government’s aid, those _____ by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements.A. affectB. affectingC. affectedD. were affected22. Ladies and gentlemen, please remain _______ until the plane has come to a complete stop.A. seatedB. seatingC. to seatD. seat23. _____ by the advances in technology, many farmers have set up wind farms on their land.A. Being encouragedB. EncouragingC. EncouragedD. Having encouraged24. ______ and short of breath, Andy and Ruby were the first to reach the top of Mount Tai.A. TireB. TiredC. TiringD. Being tired25. We finished the run in less than half the time ______.A. allowingB. to allowC. allowedD. allows。