高考高频词汇必背及训练系列81.optimistic adj.乐观的We are sti ll optimistic, whatever the result may be.我们仍然乐观，不论结果如何。
The stockholde rs are optimistic about the company's future.股东对公司的前景很乐观。
反义词：pessimistic adj.悲观的Her pessimistic attitude turns him off.她那悲观的态度令他很不高兴。
________，she is the sort of woman to spread sunshine to people through her smile.A．Shy and cautious B．Sensitive and thoughtfulC．Honest and confident D．Lighthearted and optimistic2.climate n.(1)气候She is not used to living in a cold climate.她不习惯寒带生活。
(2)(某一社会、时代的)风气，趋势；气氛，环境气氛social climate 社会风气political climate政治气候the current climate of opinion目前的舆论环境After the revolution，the climate of the country remained tense.革命以后，那个国家的气氛依然紧张。
climate/weather辨析climate：气候，指一个地区气候的总情况，如气温、降雨量等，还可指(社会)风气。
weather：天气，指特定的一天或某个时节的天气的具体情况，如冷暖阴晴等。
What will the weather be like tomorrow?明天天气怎样？I would rather live in France because of the climate.由于气候原因，我宁愿住在法国。
单项填空(1)For the sake of her daughter's health，she decided to move to a warm________. A．weather B．temperatureC．season D．climate(2)Although farmers there mainly grow wheat，the________is also warm enough to grow rice. A．criminal B．climate C．air D．sky3.flood(1)n.洪水，水灾(可数)The town was destroyed by the floods after the storm.暴风雨过后，小镇被洪水淹没了。
(2)n.大批，大量流入There was a flood of complaints about the poor service at the restaurant.许多人投诉这家餐馆服务质量差劲。
考点提示：a flood of words口若悬河a flood of tears泪如泉涌a flood of anger 勃然大怒(3)vt.& vi.淹没；大量涌到The river flooded the village.河水淹没了村庄。
Workers continue to flood into neighbouring cities to look for jobs.工人们不断涌进邻近的城市找工作。
完成句子(1)大批感谢信像潮水般涌来。
Letters of thanks________.(2)大批的人涌进大厅。
________crowded into the hall.(3)办公室堆满了应聘这个职位的求职信。
The office was________applications for the job.（4）When we visited my old family home，memory came ________ back.A．flooding B．to flood C．flood D．flooded4.reality n．现实，实际；真实，实际存在His hope has become a reality.他的希望已变成现实。
考点提示：bring sb back to reality使某人面对现实，不再抱有幻想in reality＝in fact事实上，实际上，其实turn sth into reality使……变为现实escape from reality逃避现实face up to reality面对现实real adj.真实的really adv.真实/正地realist ic adj.现实的，实际的realize v．实现realize one's dream实现梦想单项填空I am saving my money，so my dream of travelling to Europe will________.A．come true B．realizeC．be come true D．turn into a reality5.affect(1)vt.影响Smoking affects health.吸烟影响健康。
(2)使感动，被打动(一般用被动)All the girls were deeply affected by the sad movie.那部悲伤的电影深深地打动了所有的姑娘。
His speech affected the audience deeply.她的演讲深深地打动了听众。
(3)(指疾病)侵袭，使感染The left lung is affected by cancer.左肺受到癌症侵蚀。
考点提示：(1)affected adj.做作的，不自然的affecting(moving ，touching)adj.使人感动的affecti on n ．(C ，U)感情；慈爱；挚爱Hearing the affecting story ，all the children present were affected to tears.听了这感人的故事，所有在场的孩子都感动得流下了热泪。
He felt great affection for his sister. 他很疼他的妹妹。
(2)effect n ．影响；结果；作用side effect 副作用have an/no effect on...对……有(无)影响cause and effe ct 因果完成句子(1)The whole community________(受影响)by the terrible accident.(2)Smoking can________(对……有坏影响) your health.单项填空(3)If taken in the wrong way ，the medicine will have some side________and________your health.A ．effect ；affectB ．affects ；effectC ．effects ；affectD ．effects ；affects1.With the government's aid ，those________by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements.A ．affectB ．affectingC ．affectedD ．were affected6.offer(1)vt .(主动)提供/给予，出(价)，提出⎭⎬⎫offer sb sth offer sth to sb 向某人提供某物 offer sb money for sth 开/出价给某人买某物offer sb sth for money 以……价格卖给某人……offer to do sth 主动提出要做什么offer oneself as...毛遂自荐……She offered to carry the box for her mother.她提出要帮她母亲搬箱子。
I offered him a glass of wine.我敬了他一杯酒。
We offered him the house for 5,000 dollars.我们以5 000美元的价卖给他那所房子。
I offered him 5,000 dollars for the house.我出价5 000美元买他那所房子。
He offered himself as a guide.他毛遂自荐作一名向导。
(2)n.出价，提议，意图accept/take an offer(of sth/to do sth)接受(做……的)提议make an offer to do sth 主动要做……You ought to accept the offer.你应该接受别人主动提出的帮助。
Thank you for your offer of help/your offer to help.感谢你提供的帮助。
单项填空(1)I have been_________a large sum of money to go away ，but I am determined to stay here.A ．sufferedB ．forcedC ．allowedD ．offered(2)—Why did you leave that position?—I_________a better position at IBM.A ．offerB ．offeredC ．am offeredD ．was offered(3)—Can I help you with it?—I appreciate your________，but I can manage it myself.A ．adviceB ．questionC ．offerD ．idea7.harm(1)n .伤害，损害，危害⎭⎬⎫do sb/sth harm do harm to sb/sth 对……有害 do no harm 无害mean no harm(to...)(对……)没有恶意，无意伤害别人do more harm than good 弊多利少，坏处大于好处come to no harm 没有受到伤害He meant no harm ；he was just joking.他并无恶意，仅仅是开玩笑。