语法填空专项训练---介词介词就是高考中的一个重要考点,在连续两年的高考中都有两空就是专门考查介词的,占语法填空的五分之一。
该题要求“在空格处填入一个适当的词”的限定,所以我们要重点关注简单介词(一个单词的介词),主要考点有:1.表示时间介词有:at, in, on 表示时间点与时间段by 不迟于,到……时为止after 在……之后before 在……之前since 自从……for 表示一段时间; during 在……期间within在……期间,不超过throughout贯穿……期间over在……期间,过完一段时间from…to…从……到until/till直到between在……之间2、表示方位的介词有:into进入; out of从……出来; along沿着;(a)round围饶着或在……的各处;down沿……而下;up沿……而上;from从;off从……离开或下来;at朝着或向着;for到……去;to到或向;towards向或朝着;at在某一点或在(某物)旁;in在某一范围内;on在某物的表面上;above在……的上头或高出;below在…下面或低于; among在(多者)之中;between在(两者)之间;around在……周围;inside在……的里面;outside在……的外面;before在……之前;behind在……的后面;over在……的上方或上面;under在……的下面或下方;beside/by在……的旁边;near在……的附近;beyond在……的那一边,远于,超过(某事物的范围);across在……的对面或那一边;against靠着;across从一边到另一边;by/past从某人或某物的旁边经过;over从某人或某物的上空经过;through从某事物的里面经过。
3、表示原因的介词有because of, owing to, due to, for, with, at(常放在表示情感变化后的动词、形容词或名词后表示原因,相当于“听到或瞧到”)等。
4、表示方式、方法或手段的介词有by乘、坐、骑(接交通工具), 靠、通过;in用(某种语言或材料,如墨水等);with用(具体的工具),与……一起;through通过(实践或书本)等。
5、表示“除……外”的介词有except, besides, but, except for等。
6、表示“数量”的about(大约), around(大约), over(超过)等;表示“关于”的on, about等;表示“所属”“部分与整体关系”的of;表示(增加/减少,相差,高出等的)程度的by;以及as(当作,作为),like(像…一样)等。
7、能接复合宾语的介词有with与without。
8、短语中的介词。
如“动词+介词”短语,如look after, care for,congratulations on等;“动词+副词+介词”短语,如catch up with, get on with, work hard at, do well in等;“动词+名词+介词”take are of, take notice of等;“名词+介词”,如effect on等。
解题技巧:1、什么情况下可能就是填介词？我们首先必须知道两点:(1)介词必须要接宾语,其宾语可以就是名词、代词、动名词,或者what从句;(2)名词、代词或动名词在句中通常作主语、动词的宾语、介词的宾语。
因此,我们在解答语法填空时,若空格后就是名词、代词或动名词时,且她们不就是在句中作主语,也不就是在动词后作宾语时,这个格空就很可能就是填介词。
2、应该填哪个介词？在判断可能填介词之后,要根据具体的语境来确定填哪个介词,特别就是根据空格所在句子的意思来选择一个恰当的介词。
另外,以下几条思路对解题非常有用:(1)由介词短语与谓语的逻辑关系来确定。
2008年广东高考36题,“感到累了”应当就是“干活一整天之后”,故填after。
(2)由所处句型的特殊需要来确定。
如2008年广东高考31题,这就是一个there be句型,该句型一般就是表示“在某个地点存在某人或某物”;可见“_______these proverbs”应当就是表示地点的;不难得知“有趣故事”应当就是在“这些成语的背后”,故填behind。
(3)由特殊的结构关系来确定。
如能接复合宾语(宾语+宾补)的介词只能就是with或without。
(4)考虑介词(空格)与前面的动词或名词之间的搭配关系,或者介词(空格)与后面名词之间的搭配关系来确定具体要填的介词。
[例1]Chinese proverbs are rich and they are still widel y used in Chinese people’s daily life、_____these proverbs there are often interesting stories、(广东)分析:因these proverbs就是名词,且不就是作主语、宾语、表语等,前面很可能就是填介词;句意就是“在中国的这些成语故事的背后常常有有趣的故事”,表示“在……背后”,用介词behind。
[例2]He was very tired _______ doing this for a whole day、、、分析:累了必定就是在干了一整天活之后,故填after;另外,表示“因……而累”,be tired from也就是固定短语,故也可填from。
[例3]…the villagers who had gathered around me were arguing as to who should have the honour of receiving me ______a guest in their house、分析:句意就是“把我们作为客人接待”,表示“当作,作为”用介词as。
[例4]I wanted to reward the old woman ______the trouble I had caused her、分析:句意就是“我想酬谢我们给她造成了麻烦的那个年迈的妇女。
” 表示“因……而酬谢/报答某人”,就是reward sb、for sth、,即用for引出原因,故填for。
类似的表达还有: thank sb、for sth、; praise sb、for sth、; punish sb、for sth、等。
一、单句填空:用适当的介词填空。
1、Fred entered without knocking and, very out of breath, sank ______ a chair、(安徽)2、If you really have to leave during the meeting, you’d better leave ______ the back door、(北京)3、A great man shows his greatness ______ the way he treats little men、(福建)4、You have no idea how she finished the relay race ______ her foot wounded so much、(福建)5、I like Mr、Miner’s speech; it was clear and ___________ the point、(辽宁)6、Let’s learn to use the problem we are facing ______ a stepping-stone to future success、(宁夏)7、Modern equipment and no smoking are two of the things I like ______ working here、(全国Ⅱ)8、I began to feel _________ home in the new school when I saw some familiar faces、(山东)9、Elizabeth has already achieved success ______ her wildest dreams、(陕西)10、Everything was perfect for the picnic except _________ the weather、(浙江)11、This is a junior school、You should go to a senior school ______ girls of your age、(北京)12、Although _________ my opinion, the old professor didn’t come up with his own、(福建)13、______ the silence of the pauses, we could hear each other’s breathing and could almost hear our own heartbeats、(湖南)14、Scientists are convinced ______ the positive effect of laughter ______ physical and mental health、(江西)15、Experts have been warning ______ some time of the health risks caused by passive smoking、(江西)16、The manager suggested an earlier date ______ the meeting、(全国I)17、Some people choose jobs for other reasons _________ money these days、(全国II)18、Some students often listen to music ______ classes to refresh themselves、(四川)19、The open-air celebration has been put off because ______ the bad weather、(浙江)20、Sorry, Madam、You’d better come tomorrow because it’s _________the visiting hours、(福建)21、It’s quite__________ me why such t hings have been allowed to happen、(安徽)22、—It’s a top secret、—Yes, I see、I will keep the secret ________ you and me.(上海)23、People have always been curious ______ how living things on the earth exactly began、(辽宁)24、After the earthquake, the injured were cared ______ in the local hospitals or taken to the hospitals in the neighboring cities、(江西)25、I would like a job which pays more, but ______ the other hand I enjoy the work I’m doing at the moment、(浙江)26、More and more young people are fond __________ playing tennis nowadays、(上海)27、Leave your key with a neighbor ______ case you lock yourself out one day、(北京)28、Villagers here depend on the fishing industry, __________ which there won’t be much work、(上海)29、For many cities in the world, there is no room to spread our further, ______ which New York is an example、(四川)30、By nine o’clock, all the Olympic torch bearers had reached the top of Mount Qomolangma, _________which appeared a rare rainbow soon、(福建)31、The book was written in 1946, ______ when the education system has witnessed great charges、(山东)32、He was educated at the local high school, ______ which he went on to Beijing University、(江苏)33、Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree ______which they can be controlled on purpose、(重庆)二、语篇模拟:用适当的介词填空。