精选45句托福阅读长难句翻译及词汇注释（涵盖部分句子简化题翻译）1.The same thing happens to this day, though on a smaller scale, wherever asediment（沉积物）-laden（装满的）river or stream emerges from a mountain valley onto relatively flat land, dropping its load as the current slows: the water usually spreads out fanwise, depositing（沉积）the sediment in the form of a smooth, fan-shaped slope（斜面）.虽然是较为小型的，但类似的事情也在当下发生，无论什么地方的、大量携带沉积物的河水或溪流从山谷中流至较为平坦的地带，都会随着流速的减慢会沉淀下它的携带物。
河流通常以扇形蔓延，使沉积物以一种平滑的扇形斜面的形式沉积。
2.In lowland country almost any spot on the ground may overlie（躺在某上）what was once the bed of a river that has since become buried by soil; if they are now below the water’s upper surface (the water table), the gravels （石子，砂砾）and sands of the former riverbed, and its sandbars（沙洲，堤坝）, will be saturated（浸湿）with groundwater.在地势较低的城市里，地面上几乎所有曾是河床的地方都被土壤掩埋。
如果曾是河床的地方现在处于河流（的上表面）之下，旧时河床的石砾、沙子和沙洲就会被地表水浸湿。
3.But note that porosity（孔隙度）is not the same as permeability（渗透率）,which measures the ease with which water can flow through a material; this depends on the sizes of the individual cavities（腔，洞）and the crevices （裂缝，缺口）linking them.但是要注意的在测量水可以从一种材料间通过的轻松程度的时候，孔隙度并不等同于渗透率。
这个要依材料中每个独立的洞和裂缝的大小而定。
4.If the pores（毛孔，气孔）are large, the water in them will exist as drops tooheavy for surface tension to hold, and it will drain（使液体流走）away; but if the pores are small enough, the water in them will exist as thin films（薄膜）, too light to overcome the force of surface tension holding them in place;then the water will be firmly held.如果气孔很大，其内部的水分会以滴的形式存在，水分会由于过重、不能被表面张力持住而流走。
反之，如果气孔很小，其内部的水分会以薄膜的形式存在，水分太轻以至于不能克服固定它们的表面张力，因此水分就会被以膜的形式保留。
5.But the myths that have grown up around the rites（隆重的仪式或典礼）maycontinue as part of the group’s oral（口头的; 口述的）tradition and may even come to be acted out under conditions divorced（分离）from these rites.但是那些围绕着宗教仪式衍生的传说可能会以群体的口述习俗流传下去，甚至在一定条件下可以会表现得与那些宗教仪式分离。
201502036.Another, advanced in the twentieth century, suggests that humans have agift for fantasy, through which they seek to reshape reality into more satisfying forms than those encountered（遇见）in daily life.在二十世纪进步的另外的一个，显示出人类有幻想的天赋，因为在人们追求把现实重塑成一种比日常生活中遇见的更令人满意的形式。
7.For example, one sign of this condition is the appearance of the comic vision,since comedy requires sufficient detachment（派遣；客观）to view some deviations（偏向; 偏差）from social norms as ridiculous rather than as serious threats to the welfare（福利）of the entire group.举例来说,这个条件的标志之一便是幽默视角的出现，由于喜剧，对于整个群体的健康发展来说，需要足够的独立客观思考去把一些与社会正常的偏差看作是荒谬怪诞而不是严肃的威胁。
8.Timberline trees are normally evergreens, suggesting that these have someadvantage over deciduous trees (those that lose their leaves) in the extreme environments of the upper timberline.树际线上的树通常是常绿林，显示出在树际线上端的极端环境下常绿林比落叶林更有优势。
9.This is particularly true for trees in the middle and upper latitudes, whichtend to attain（达到; 实现）greater heights on ridges（山脊）, whereas（考虑到）in the tropics the trees reach their greater heights in the valleys.这点对于中纬和高纬的山脊上那些趋向于达到更大的高度的树木尤为正确，而在热带树木会在山谷中达到他们的巅峰。
10.As the snow is deeper and lasts longer in the valleys, trees tend to attaingreater heights on the ridges, even though they are more exposed to high-velocity（迅速; 快速）winds and poor, thin soils there.因为雪在山谷中会更深、留存的时间更长，所以树木倾向于在山脊上达到更大的高度，尽管他们需要暴露在凛冽的风里，扎根在浅薄贫瘠的土壤中。
11.Wind velocity（速度；高速）also increases with altitude and may cause seriousstress for trees, as is made evident by the deformed（畸形的）shapes at highaltitudes.风速也会随着海拔的升高而增大，并可能会给树木施加相当大的压力。
显而易见，高海拔的地方树木会明显的畸形。
12.Some scientists have proposed（提议, 建议）that the presence（出席;存在）of increasing levels of ultraviolet light with elevation may play a role, while browsing and grazing animals like the ibex（巨角塔尔羊）may be another contributing factor.一些科学家指出出现紫外线等级提高或许是一个原因，而饲养放牧像巨角塔尔羊这样的动物可能是另外的有力原因。
13.Probably the most important environmental factor is temperature, for if thegrowing season is too short and temperatures are too low, tree shoots（幼苗, 新枝）and buds（花蕾；嫩芽）cannot mature sufficiently to survive the winter months.最重要的环境因素大概就是温度了，因为如果生长期过短并且温度过低，树木的幼枝和嫩芽不能充分生长来在冬季的月份存活。
14.Immediately adjacent（相邻的；接近的）to the timberline, the tundra（冻原,苔原）consists of（组成）a fairly complete cover of low-lying（洼）shrubs, herbs, and grasses, while higher up the number and diversity of species decrease until there is much bare ground with occasional mosses（藓; 苔）and lichens（地衣）and some prostrate（伏地的；卧倒的）cushion（柔软如垫的）plants.在极为接近树际线的地方，是原先由几乎完全覆盖的灌木和草丛组成的冻原，随着海拔越高，植物的种类的数量和多样性就越会减少，直到出现只偶尔会有苔藓、地衣、以及一些伏倒的、柔软如垫的植物的大片不毛之地。