时态与语态一．一般现在时，表示现在经常性、习惯性的动作和状态，常见的时间状语包括sometimes, often, usually, always，occasionally, now and then,on weekends,onSundays,every week/month/year等She always takes a walk in the evening.He often does his homework in his study.1.一般现在时表示客观真理、科学事实及自然现象和谚语格言中，此用法即使出现在过去语境中，也用一般现在时。

The moon goes around the earth.Pride goes before a fall.骄者必败He said the earth is round.2.主句是一般将来时,由when，after, before, as soon as, the minute,whenever等引导的时间状语和由if, unless, so long as, once等引导的条件状语和however,even if等引导的让步状语从句中一般用一般现在时表示将来。

如：l’ll go there after I finish my work.If it rains tomorrow,I won’t go there.I will tell her when she comes tomorrow.Even if it rains tomorrow, the sports meeting will take place.3.在以here,there开头的句子里，go,come等少数动词的一般在时表示正在发生的动作。

例如：There goes the bell.铃响了。

There comes the bus.汽车来了。

Here she comes.她来了。

4. But for the fact that…从句中，that 从句的谓语动词时态要根据句子谓语所表示的时间而定。

But for the fact that he is busy now, he would be here.But for the fact that you were ill, I would have had you print the papers.二、一般过去时表示过去的经常性、习惯性的动作或状态或者某个人过去的经历，与现在无关，常用的时间状语有yesterday，the day before yesterday, an hour ago, the other day, lastmonth/year, just now, in 1982, in the old days, in the past, when I was young, when I was in London,when I was a child等I received two letters last week.The Olympic Games were held in Beijing in 2008.When I was in Beijing, I often went to Beijing university.1.表示某人过去的经历1) ---- Have you graduated from the university?----- Yes, I learned English for 4 years in the university.2) ---- Have you finished your homework ?----- Yes, I ________(finish) it within hald an hour.3) I ______(be) in London for 10 years, but I have never regretted returning to China.2. intend, wonder, think, realize等用过去时，表示说话人原来没有料到，打算，想到等I thought you were a student.I didn’t think /realize you failed again.I didn’t intend to hurt you.3. used to do sth/ would do sth 过去常常做某事We used to spend our vacation in the mountains4.句型1）.It is (high) time sb did sth/ It is time that sb should do sth.某人该干某事了。

It is time you went to bed.2) .Would rather sb did sth 宁愿某人做某事，用于对现在和将来时间的虚拟。

I would rather you came tomorrow/now.3). Would/ should/ ought to/ could/ might/ needn’t/ would like to have done sth, but…句型中，but 后面的谓语动词需用一般过去时或过去进行时。

a. He should have turned up but he had an unexpected visitor.b. --- Did you attend the party?---- I would have(attended the party) but I was busy.= I was busy otherwise/or I would have attended the party.= I had planned to attend the party but I was busy.= I was going to attend the party, but I was busy.4). Would you mind if sb did sth? 如果…干某事，你介意吗？Would you mind if I opened the door?三．一般将来时/过去将来时一般将来时表示将来要发生的动作和存在的状况。

常见的时间状语有next…, tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, in+时间段，before+ 时间点，in the future等.1.will/shall do sth1）表示事物的固有属性或者必然的趋势；Fish will die without water.2) will 表示将来，有时含偶然性和临时性决定的意思。

---- Do you know Mr. Smith has come to our town?---- No, I will go and visit him right now.2.be going to do sth1）表示事先考虑过，计划打算做某事，注意区分一下will 表示临时性决定的用法。

He is going to speak on Tv this evening.2）表示根据现在的迹象对未来进行推断。

Look at the dark clouds. It is going to rain.注意：was going to 表示过去本打算做某事，但未做----Tom, you didn’t come to the party last night?---- I was going to, but I suddenly remembered I had homework to do.3.be doing sth 有些动词如come, go, arrive,leave,begin, start, return等，其现在进行时表示按计划、安排近期将要发生的动作。

I’m leaving for Beijing next month.4.be about to do sth/ be on the point of doing sth (when) “即将干某事(这是突然)…”该结构不与具体的时间状语连用，但可以和并列连词when连用。

The train is about to start.The plan is on the point of taking off.5. 某些动词的一般现在时可以表示计划、安排将要做的事情，此种用法常常用于火车时刻、飞机时刻、电影开演、作息安排等时刻表上。

We must hurry up. The first class begins at 8 o’clock.The train leaves at 5 and arrives at 8.6.be to do sth1).表示按计划或安排要做的事She is to get married next month.注意：were/was to have done sth 表示未曾实现的计划。

We were to have told you, but you were not in.2) 表示“应该”，相当于should, ought to.You are to report it to the police.3) 表示“想，打算”, 相当于intend, want.If we are to be there before ten, we’ll have to go now.四．现在进行时 am/is /are doing sth表示说话时正在发生的动作，有时也表示一段时间内持续进行的动作，常见的时间状语为: now, at present, these days等I am writing a novel these days.I’m doing a word puzzle in this newspaper.1)与always, constantly, continually, forever, all the time 等连用，带有厌恶、批评、不喜欢、赞扬等感情色彩。

You are always putting your things around.He is always helping others.2) 下列四类动词一般不用现在进行时感觉类：look, smell, feel, sound, taste,see, hear等The soup tastes good.情感类：like,love, prefer, admire, hate, fear, adore等I love my dad and mum.心态类：wish. Hope, want, need, believe, understand, agree, know, remember, forget 等I don’t believe my eyes.存在状态类：appear, lie, remain, belong, have 等Those books belong to Mr. Li.3) 延续性动作用进行体，短暂性动作用一般体，一个延续性动作为背景，被一个短暂性动作打断My brother fell while he was riding his bike and hurt himself.As she was reading the newspaper, Granny fell asleep.五．过去进行时was/were doing sth表示过去某一时间或某一段时间内正在进行的动作。