英语动词分类1.1 概说表示动作和状态的词叫做动词。
如:work 工作study 学习swim 游泳travel 旅行1.2 动词分类1.2.1 根据其在句中的功能，动词可分为四类①实义动词（Notional Verb）表示行为、动作或状态的词。
它的词义完整，可以单独作谓语。
如：plan learn eat beat②系动词（Link Verb）表示主语“是什么”或“怎么样”的词，它虽有词义，但不完整，所以不能单独作谓语，必须跟表语一起构成合成谓语。
如：be keep feel get系动词具体可分为五类：1）表示“是”的状态动词，如be, keep, remain, stay, lie, stand。
例如：He is a teacher.He was a soldier two years ago.We are Chinese.The weather remains cold.Why he left remains a secret.2）表示“感官”的词，如look, feel, smell, sound, taste, 例如：She looked tired.Cotton feels soft.The story sounds interesting.The flowers smell sweet.The mixture tasted horrible.3）表示“变”的动词，如become, get, grow, turn，例如：She became a college student.He feels sick. His face turns white.The weather gets warmer and the days get longer when spring comes.He grew old.4）表“似乎”的动词，如look, seem, appear，例如He looks happy.He seemsvery sad.5）表“终止”的动词，如prove, turn outHis rumor proved false.The search proved difficult.His plan turned out a success.注意区别以下一些动词的用法，它们既可以作为实义动词，又可以作为系动词。
lookHe is looking at the picture.It looks beautiful.feelI felt someone touch my arm.Are you feeling better today than before?My little brother likes to smell the apple before he eats it.Great! The flowers smell nice.soundThe letter “h” in hour is not sounded.The gun sounded much closer.tastePlease taste the soup.The soup tastes terrible.getThere are some bananas on the table. Each of you can get one.The situation is getting worse.growDo you grow rice in your country?It’s too late. It’s growing dark.turnThe earth turns around the sun.When spring comes, the trees turn green and the flowers come out.辨别是实义动词还是系动词有一个最简便的方法，即用系动词be替换句子中的这些动词，句子仍然成立就是连系动词；反之，就是实义动词。
例如：The trees turn/are green when spring comes.The earth turns around the sun.③助动词（Auxiliary Verb）本身无词义，不能单独作谓语，只能与主要动词一起构成谓语，表示不同的时态、语态、表示句子的否定和疑问，强调，如：have do beHe does not speak English well.A dog is running after a cat.Did he have any milk and bread for his breakfast?My grandparents will come next week.④情态动词（Modal Verb）本身虽有意义，但不完整。
它们表示说话人的能力、说话人的语气或情态，如“可能”、“应当”等。
这类动词有can, may, must, need, dare, could, might等。
它们不能单独作谓语，必须与实义动词原形一起作谓语，表示完整的意思，如：can may will would shouldI can dance.He can’t walk because he is a baby.May I come in？1.2.2 根据其在句中的用法，动词还可分为及物动词和不及物动词①及物动词vt.及物动词是必须带宾语的动词，可分为如下三类。
1) 及物动词＋宾语例：I love my home.He buys an English dictionary.2) 及物动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语例：She teaches us maths.My mother gives me a new pen.Show me your pen.常用的能接双宾语的及物动词有：give, teach, buy, find, leave, sell, show, read, bring, cook 等。
3）及物动词+宾语+宾补例：They named their son David.及物动词后如果要跟动词，要么跟不定式，要么跟动词的-ing形式。
②不及物动词vi.本身意义完整，后面不须跟宾语的实义动词，叫做不及物动词。
如：Birds can fly.My watch stopped.The bell rings at eight.不及物动词后面常接介词，再加宾语。
如：go，come, listen。
We go to the bus station at noon.Everybody listened to the teacher with great interest.不及物动词没有被动形式，常常主动表被动，不及物动词+ (well, poorly, easily)happen, occur, rise, lie, diesell, wash, burn, cook, cut, drive, dress, play, last, open, write, start, run, read, operate, break, measure, weighDry wood burns easily.The cloth washes well.1.2.3 根据是否受主语的人称和数的限制分为：①限定动词（Finite Verb）/谓语动词，如：She sings very well.②非限定动词（Non-finite Verb）/非谓语动词英语中共有三种非限定动词1)不定式（Infinitive）表“目的或将来”如: to see to help，a.作主语侧重于动作的具体性和将来性To play basketball is a great pleasure.但为使句子平衡,常用it 代它作主语, 把它移到句子后部去.It is a great pleasure to play basketball.b.作宾语跟在动词或疑问词之后常跟不定式作宾语的动词:hope, want , expect, wish, desire, like, love, dislike ,hate, plan, intend, mean, prepare, decide, determine, afford, fail, manage, try、dare, help , promise、refuse、learn、offer、agree、forget，bother疑问词之后：what to do when to start where to go how to live c.作表语∙表示按计划和安排将要发生的事情He is to marry Rose.∙表示主语的内容，但侧重于目的性。
Her wish was to become an artist.∙表示情态意义(应该, 必须)。
The form is to be filled in and returned within a week.She is to blame.d.作定语Charles Lindbergh is the first man to fly the Atlantic alone She has a good chance to go to college.He has got lots of questions to ask.There is nothing to worry about.e.作宾语补足语They got us to go with them.The chairman requested the members to be silent.The guard forbade me to enter.Many parents expect their children to study abroad.f.作状语Tim sat near the fire to get warm.The athletes practised hard to win the match.I need a pen to write with.He is looking for a room to live in.2)现在分词（Present Participle）表“主动或进行”如stolen openinga.作主语（也叫动名词）Seeing is believing.Playing chess is fun.It's no use waiting here.It is no use/ no good/ fun / a waste of time/a good pleasure 等名词+ doing sth. It is useless/ nice/ good/ interesting/ worthwhile 等形容词+ doing.作表语The news is very disappointing.His story is very moving.(Encouraging, inspiring, exciting, interesting….)b.作定语Don’t wake up the sleeping boy.= Don’t wake up the boy who is sleepingI don’ t know the man writing something over there.=I don’ t know the man who is writing something over there.a racing car= a car that is used to racea swimming pool= a pool that is used to swim inDo you know the sleeping car on show?The boy sitting under the tree is reading.作宾语动词后的宾语：suggest, finish, avoid, stop, can’t help, mind, enjoy, require, practise, miss, escape, pardon, advise, consider, imagine, keep, appreciate, escape, permit。