一．动词概述注：英语行为动词也可以分为及物动词和不及物动词。

及物动词是必须带宾语的动词。

可以分为两类：（1）及物动词+宾语（2）及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语My mother bought me a gift. (可以接双宾语的词有：give, teach, buy, l end, find, hand, leave, sell, show, read, pay, make, offer, build, pass, bring, cook等不及物动词不需要跟宾语，本身意义完整。

有些不及物动词加上介词后变成及物性短语动词，后跟宾语。

She did not reply to my letter。

英语中接双宾语的动词award sb. sth. = award sth. to sb. 颁奖给某人bring sb. sth. = bring sth. to sb. 把某物带给某人hand sb. sth. =hand sth. to sb. 把某物递给某人lend sb. sth. = lend sth. to sb. 把某物借给某人mail sb. sth. = mail sth. to sb. 把某物寄给某人offer sb. sth. = offer sth. to sb. 将某物给某人owe sb. sth. = owe sth. to sb. 欠某人某物pass sb. sth. = pass sth. to sb. 把某物递给某人pay sb. sth. = pay sth. to sb. 付给某人某物（钱）post sb. sth. = post sth. to sb. 把某物寄给某人read sb. sth. = read sth. to sb. 把某物读给某人听return sb.sth. = return sth. to sb. 把某物还给某人send sb. sth. = send sth. to sb. 把某物送给某人sell sb. sth. = sell sth. to sb. 把某物卖给某人serve sb. sth. = serve sth. to sb. 拿某物招待某人show sb. sth. = show sth. to sb. 拿某物给某人看take sb. sth. = take sth. to sb. 把某物拿给某人teach sb. sth. = teach sth. to sb. 教某人某物tell sb. sth. = tell sth. to sb. 告诉某人某情况throw sb. sth. = throw sth. to sb. 把某物扔给某人write sb. sth. = write sth. to sb. 给某人写信2、双宾语易位时需借助介词for的常用动词book sb. sth. = book sth. for sb. 为某人预定某物buy sb. sth. = buy sth. for sb. 为某人买某物choose sb. sth. = choose sth. for sb. 为某人选某物cook sb. sth. = cook sth. for sb. 为某人煮某物draw sb. sth. = draw sth. for sb. 为某人画某物fetch sb. sth. = fetch sth. for sb. 为某人去取某物find sb. sth. = find sth. for sb. 为某人找到某物fix sb. sth. = fix sth. for sb. 为某人准备某物get sb. sth. = get sth. for sb. 为某人拿来某物make sb. sth. = make sth. for sb. 为某人做某物order sb. sth. = order sth. for sb. 为某人订购某物pick sb. sth. = pick sth. for sb. 为某人采摘某物prepare sb. sth. = prepare sth. for sb. 为某人准备某物save sb. sth. = save sth. for sb. 为某人留某物sing sb. sth. = sing sth. for sb. 为某人唱某物（歌）spare sb. sth. = spare sth. for sb. 为某人让出某物steal sb. sth. = steal sth. for sb. 为某人偷某物3、有的动词后接的双宾语易位时，既可用介词to引出间接宾语，也可用介词for引出间接宾语，含义相同。

如bring，play等：Bring me today’s paper.= Bring today’s paper to [for] me. 把今天的报纸拿给我。

He played us the record he had just bought.= He played the record he had just bought for [to] us.他放了他刚买的唱片给我们听。

4、有的动词后接的双宾语易位时，即可用介词to引出间接宾语，也可用介词for引出间接宾语，含义不同。

如leave等：They left me no food.= They left no food for me.他们没给我留一点食物。

My uncle left me a large fortune.= My uncle left a large fortune to me. 叔叔死后留下一大笔财产给我。

5、而有的动词后接双宾语时，既不能用介词to引出间接宾语，也不能用介词for引出间接宾语。

如allow, ask, cause, charge, cost, forgive, refuse等：He allows his son too much money. 他给他儿子的钱太多。

He asked me some questions. 他问了我一些问题。

This caused me much trouble. 这给我带来了许多麻烦。

He charged me five dollars for a cup of tea. 他一杯茶向我要了5美元。

His mistake cost him his job. 他的错误让他丢了工作。

I envy you your good luck. 我羡慕你的好运。

They forgave him his rudeness. 他们原谅了他的鲁莽。

He refused her nothing. 她要什么他就给什么。

二．常用动词用法（见后）三．连系动词系动词亦称连系动词（Link Verb），作为系动词，它本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后边必须跟表语（亦称补语），构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。

系动词后不可接副词，接的是形容词。

大致分七种1）状态系动词用来表示主语状态，只有be一词，例如：He is a teacher. 他是一名教师。

（is与补足语一起说明主语的身份。

）I am fine.2）持续系动词用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand, 例如：He always kept silent at meeting. 他开会时总保持沉默。

This matter rests a mystery. 此事仍是一个谜。

3）表像系动词用来表示"看起来像"这一概念，主要有seem, appear, look, 例如：He looks tired. 他看起来很累。

He seems (to be) very sad. 他看起来很伤心。

4）感官系动词感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, 例如：This kind of cloth feels very soft.这种布手感很软。

This flower smells very sweet.这朵花闻起来很香。

5）变化系动词这些系动词表示主语变成什么样，变化系动词主要有become, grow, turn, fall（asleep）, get, go, come, run.例如：He became mad after that. 自那之后，他疯了。

She grew rich within a short time. 她没多长时间就富了。

6）终止系动词表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove, turn out, 表达"证实"，"变成"之意，例如：The rumor proved false. 这谣言证实有假。

The search proved difficult. 搜查证实很难。

His plan turned out a success. 他的计划终于成功了。

（turn out表终止性结果）7．使役动词：let,have,make 使，让…Let /make somebody do sthThe teacher lets/makes them clean the classroom after school.Make sb/sth adj.The story makes me happy. The color makes it look beautiful.Have somebody do sth 让某人做某事Have sth done 让某物被My mother haves me make the bed. I have my hair cut/washed.有些动词它们既可以用作实义动词，又可以用作连系动词。

另外be还可用作助动词。

它们的用法不同，词义和句型结构也有所不同。

例如：Look at the blackboard, please.请看黑板。

(look用作实义动词)He looks a little tired.他略显疲倦。

(look用作连系动词)They are at work.他们在工作。

(are用作连系动词)They are working.他们正在工作。

(are用作助动词，帮助构成现在进行时)四．助动词1、助动词be（am, is, are, was, were, being, been）的用法（1）be后跟现在分词构成进行时态。

Who is playing the violin?谁在拉小提琴？She was reading a book then.那时她正在读书。

（2）be后跟过去分词构成被动语态。

He was asked to d o the work.有人要他干这件工作。