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名词性从句高考真题解析

名词性从句高考真题解析考点与例析:名词性从句主要包括:主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句一、主语从句(一)that引导的主语从句这时的that没有任何意义,也不在从句中充当任何成分,只是单纯的连接词,通常情况下不能省略。

【经典考题】________ fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect. (2002上海春招) A.What B.That C.This D.Which【解析】答案为B。

这是含有一个主语从句的句子。

因为主语从句句意完整,只缺一个引导词,所以要选that。

这句话的意思是“国与国之间的时装差异可以从一个方面反映出其文化的差异”。

答案为B。

(二)whether引导的主语从句这时的whether意为“是否”,但不在从句中充当任何成分,位于句首时不能用if替换。

【经典考题】________ (他是否出过国) doesn’t make much difference. (he, abroad) (2007湖北)【解析】答案为Whether he has been abroad or not。

这是whether引导的一个主语从句。

(三)what, who, whose, which, when, where, when, how等疑问词引导的主语从句这些疑问词引导主语从句时,有自身的含义,并在从句中充当成分。

【经典考题】________ we are sure about is the need to prevent children from being spoiled.(2008上海春招)A. WhatB. WhichC. WhetherD. That【解析】答案为A。

what引导主语从句,并在从句中作介词about的宾语。

【经典考题】________ matters most in learning English is enough practice. (2007全国卷II)A. WhatB. WhyC. WhereD. Which【解析】答案为A。

句意是:在英语学习中最重要的是充分的练习。

________ matters most in learning English是一个主语从句,填入的部分在从句中显然是充当主语,且指事情,所以选what。

(四)whatever, whoever(宾格用whomever), whichever, whenever, wherever等引导的主语从句这些词引导主语从句时,分别表示“无论什么”,“无论谁”,“无论哪一个”,“无论何时”,“无论哪里”等含义,而且语气较强,并在从句中充当成分。

【经典考题】________ wants to stay in a hotel has to pay their own way. (2008上海)A. AnyoneB. The oneC. WhoeverD. Who【解析】答案为C。

句意是:任何一个想要住旅店的人都必须自己付钱。

这里Whoever引导的名词性从句在整个复合句中充当主语,Anyone和The one与后面的句子构成定语从句时,都缺少了在定语从句中作主语的关系代词who,而作主语的关系代词是不可以省略的。

Who虽然可以引导主语从句,但它是一个表示疑问的代词,与本句的句意不符。

(五)It 作形式主语有时为了句子的平衡等目的或在一些固定句型中,把主语从句放在句子的后部,用it作形式主语引起句子。

这时的that可以省略,whether 有时可以替换成if。

【经典考题】It has been proved ________ eating vegetables in childhood helps to protect you against serious illnesses in later life. (2008上海)A. ifB. becauseC. whenD. that【解析】答案为D。

句中的It是形式主语,真正的主语是eating vegetables in ... life,所以要that引导这个主语从句,而that不作任何成分,也没有意义,只起连接作用。

二、表语从句(一)that引导的表语从句这时的that没有任何意义,也不在从句中充当任何成分,只是单纯的连接词,通常不能省略。

【经典考题】The traditional view is ________ we sleep because our brain is “programmed”to make us do so.A. whenB. whyC. whetherD. that【解析】答案为D。

that we sleep because our brain is “programmed”to make us do so 是一个表语从句,that在从句中不作任何成分,本身也没有词义,只是起连接作用。

(二)whether引导的表语从句这时的whether意为“是否”,但不在从句中充当任何成分,通常不能用if替换。

【经典考题】His ability has never been in doubt—the question is ________ he is prepared to work hard.A. thatB. ifC. whereD. whether【解析】答案为D。

句意是:他的能力绝不用怀疑——问题是他是否准备好了努力。

the question is后面接的显然是一个表语从句,whether意为“是否”,不能用if代替。

(三)what, who, whose, which, when, where, why, how等疑问词引导的表语从句这些疑问词引导表语从句时,有自身的含义,并在从句中充当某一成分。

▲what【经典考题】See the flags on top of the building? That was ________ we did this morning.A.when B.which C.where D.what【解析】答案为D。

句意是:……那是我们今天上午做的。

that was 后面接的是一个表语从句。

根据名词性从句的基本特点,该从句中的谓语动词did须有宾语,又表示笼统意义,故选what,表示“所……的”。

▲where【经典考题】Why not try your luck downtown, Bob? That’s ________ the best jobs are.A. whereB. whatC. whenD. why【解析】答案为A。

where引导一个表语从句,并在从句中作表语,表地点,指前面的downtown。

▲why【经典考题】—I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.—Is that ________ you had a few days off?A. whyB. whichC. whatD. where【解析】答案为A。

句意是:……那就是你请假几天的原因吗? why 用来引导表语从句,并在从句中作状语,表示原因。

▲when【经典考题】The last time we had great fun was ________ we were visiting the Water Park.A. whereB. howC. whenD. why【解析】答案为C。

句意是:上一次我们玩得开心的是参观水公园的时候。

was后面接的是表语从句,when在从句中充当时间状语。

(四)as if或as though引导的表语从句【经典考题】It looks ________ everything was in order.A. thatB. whereC. as ifD. how【解析】答案为C。

句意是:看起来好像一切正常。

look是连系动词,后面接的是表语从句;as if意为“好像、似乎”。

三、宾语从句(一)that引导的宾语从句这时的that没有任何意义,也不在从句中充当任何成分,只是单纯的连接词,通常被省略。

【经典考题】Having checked the doors were closed, and ________ all the lights were off, the boy opened the door to his bedroom. (2007湖南)A.why B.that C.when D.where【解析】答案为B。

动词check后面接了两个并列的宾语从句the doors were closed 和that all the lights were off,第二个宾语从句的引导词that不能省略。

(二)whether引导的宾语从句这时的whether意为“是否”,但不在从句中充当任何成分,口语中常可用if替换(当从句中有or not或从句用作介词的宾语时不可替换成if)。

【经典考题】We haven’t settled the question of________ it is necessary for him to study abroad. (2006江苏)A. ifB. whereC. whetherD. that【解析】答案为C。

此处whether引导的宾语从句作介词of 的宾语,意为“是否”。

(三)what, when, how等疑问词引导的宾语从句这些疑问词引导宾语从句时,有自身的含义,并在从句中充当某一成分。

▲what【经典考题】The companies are working together to create ________ they hope will be the best means of transport in the 21st century. (2008北京)A. whichB. thatC. whatD. who【解析】答案为C。

在动词create后面的宾语从句中,what充当will be ...的主语,指事物。

which引导名词性从句时,表示“哪一个或哪一些”;that引导名词性从句时,没有意义,也不作成分;who 指人。

▲when【经典考题】Please remind me ________ he said he was going. I may be in time to see him off.(2006全国卷I)A. whereB. whenC. howD. what【解析】答案为B。

when引导从句作remind的直接宾语,并在从句中作时间状语。

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