TECHNICAL TERMS(技术术语)—PLATING TO ELECTROPLATINGAbrasive blasting(磨料喷射)—a process for cleaning by means of an abrasive directed at high velocity against the work piece.Activation(活化)—elimination(去除) of a passive condition on a surface.Activity(ion)(活度)—the ion concentration(浓度) corrected for deviations(背离) from ideal behavior, concentration multiplied(乘) by activity coefficient(活度系数).Addition agent—a material added in small quantities to a solution to modify its characteristics. It is usually added to a plating solution of the purpose of modifying the character of a deposit.Adhesion(结合力)—the attractive force that exists between an electro-deposit and its substrate that can be measured as the force required to separate an electro-deposit on its substrate.Amorphous(无定形结构)—non-crystalline(非晶体), or devoid of regular structure.Ampere—the current that will deposit silver at the rate of 0.001118g/s. current flowing at the rate of 1C/s.Angstrom unit(A)—10-10m.Anode—the electrode in electrolysis(电解), at which negative ions(负离子) are discharged (放电)positive ions(正离子)are formed or other oxidizing reactions occur(发生).Anode efficiency—current efficiency of a specified anodic process.Anode film—(1)the layer of solution in contact with the anode that different in composition from that of the bulk(主体,大小) of the solution.(2)the outer layer of the anode itself consisting of oxidation or reaction product of the anode metal.Anode polarization—see polarization.Anodic coating—a protective, decorative, or functional coating, formed by conversion of the surface of a metal in an electrolytic oxidation process.Anodizing—an electrolytic oxidation process in which the surface of a metal,when anodic, is converted to a coating having desirable protective, decorative, or functional properties.Anolyte(阳极液)—the portion of electrolyte of the anode, in a divided cell, the portion of electrolyte on the anode side of the diaphragm(横隔膜,振动膜).Anti-pitting agent—an addition agent for the specific purpose of preventing gas pits in a deposit.Automatic machine (or conveyor)(自动机,传输机)—a machine for mechanically processive parts through treatment cycles, such as cleaning, anodizing, or plating.Automatic plating—(1)plating in which the cathodes are automatically conveyed through successive cleaning and plating tanks.(2)semi-plating in which the cathodes only conveyde automatical through only one plating tank.Ball burnishing—see barrel burnishing.Barrel burnishing—the smothing of surfaces by means of tumbling the work in rotating barrels in the presence of metallic or ceramic shot, and in the absence of abrasive. In ball burnishing, the shot consists of hardened steel balls.Barrel plating (or cleaning)—plating or cleaning in which the work is processed in bulk in a rotating container(容器).Base metal(贱金属)—a metal that readily oxidizes or dissolves(溶解) to form ions. The opposite of noble metal.Basis metal (or material)—material upon which coatings are deposited.Dipolar electrode—an electrode that is not directly connected to the power supply but is so placed in the solution between the anode and the cathode that the part nearest the anode becomes cathodic and the part nearest the cathode becomes anode.Black oxide—a finish on metal produced by immersing a metal in not oxidizing salts or salt solutions.Blasting—see sand blasting; grit blasting; wet blasting.Blister—a dome-shaped(圆顶形) imperfection(不完整) or defect(缺点), resulting from loss of adhesion between a metallic deposit and the substrate.Bloom—a visible exudation or efflorescence on a surface.Bluing—the formation of a thin oxide film on steel, either by heating in air, or by immersion in oxidizing solutions.Blue dip—a solution, once widely used, containing a mercury compound used to deposit mercury upon a metal by immersion, usually prior to silver plating.Bright dip(non-electrolytic)—a solution used to produce a bright surface on a metal.Bright plating—a process that produces an electrodeposit having a high degree of specular reflectance in the as-placed condition.Bright deposit range—the range of current densities within which a given plating solution produces a bright platingBright-throwing power—measure of the ability of a plating solution or a specified set of plating conditions to deposit uniformly bright electroplate upon an irregularly shaped cathode.Brightener(光亮剂)—an addition agent that leads to the formation of s bright plate, or that improve the brightness of the deposit.Bronzing(镀青铜,烫金)—the application of a chemical finish to copper or copper alloy surfaces to alter(改变) the color.Brush polishing(electrolytic)—a method(方法) of electrolytic polishing (q.v.) in which the electrolyte is applied with a pad or brush in contact with the part to be polished.Buffer—a compound or mixture that, when contained in solution, causes the solution to resist change in pH. Each buffer had a characteristic limited range of pH over which it is effective.Buffing—the smoothing of a surface by means of a rotating flexible wheel to the surface of which fine, abrasive particles are applied in liquid suspension, paste, or grease stick form.Building up—electroplating for the purpose of increasing the dimensions of an article.Burn off—the unintentional(无意的) removal of an autocatalytic(自身催化) deposit from a nonconducting(不传导的) substrate, during subsequent(后来的)electroplating operations, owing to(由于) the application of excess current or a poor contact areas.Burnishing—the smoothing of surfaces by rubbing, accomplished(完成的) chiefly(主要的) by the movement rather than the removal the surface layer.Burnt deposit(烧焦的镀层)—a rough non-adherent(没有结合力的) or otherwise unsatisfactory(令人不满意的)deposit produced by the application of an excessive current density and usually containing oxides or other inclusions(杂质).Bus(bus bar)—a rigid(钢性的) conducting section for carrying current to the anode and cathode bars.Butler finish(闪光精饰)—a finish composed of fine, uniformly distributed parallel lines, having a characteristic luster usually produced with rotating wire brushes or cloth wheels with applied abrasives.Calomel half cell(甘汞半电池) (calomel electrode)—a half cell containing a mercury(水银) electrode in contact with a solution of potassium chloride(氯化钾) of specified concentration(集中的) that is saturated(饱和的) with mercurous(汞) chloride(氯化物)( (calomel).CASS test (copper accelerated salt spray)(铜盐加速盐雾试验)—an accelerated corrosion test for some electrodeposits and for anodic coatings on aluminum(see method B 3682).Cataphoresis(电泳)—see electrophoresis.Cathode—the electrode in electrolysis at which positive ions are discharged negative ions are formed, or other reducing actions occur.Cathode efficiency—the current efficiency of a specified cathodic process.Cathode film—the layer solution in contact with the cathode that differ in composition from that of the bulk of the solution.Cathode—the portion of electrolyte in the vicinity(接近) of the cathode; a divided cell the portion of the cathodes of the diaphragm.Cation(阳离子)—a positively charged ion.Chelate compound—a compound in which the metal is contained as an integral part of a ring-structure and is mot readily ionized.Chelating agen t—a compound capable of forming a chelate compound with ametal ion. See chelate compound.Chemical polishing—the improvement in surface smoothness of a metal by simple immersion in a suitable solution. see Bright dip(non-electrolytic).Chromiting—the process for producing a conversion coating (q.v.)containing chromium compounds.Cleaning—the removal of grease or other foreign material from a surface.Alkaline cleaning—cleaning by means of alkaline solutions.Anodic or reverse cleaning—electrolytic cleaning in which the work is the anode.Cathodic or direct cleaning—electrolytic cleaning in which the work is the cathode.Diphase cleaning—cleaning by means of solution that contain a solvent layer and an aqueous layer. Cleaning is effected both by solution and emulsifying action.Direct current cleaning—see cathodic or direct cleaning.Electrolytic cleaning—alkaline cleaning in which a current is passed through the solution,the work being one of the electrodes.Emulsion cleaning—cleaning by means of solution containing organic solvent, water, and emulsifying agents.Immersion—see soak cleaning.Reverse current cleaning—see anodic or reverse cleaning.Soak cleaning—cleaning by immersion without the use of current, usually in alkaline solution.Solvent cleaning—cleaning by means of organic solvents.Spray cleaning—cleaning by means of spraying.Ultrasonic cleaning—cleaning by any chemical means aided by ultrasonic energy.Cleaning-emulsification solvent—two stage cleaning systen where in a concentrate containing organic solvents and surface active agents is applied to asurface, subsequently emulsified , and removed along with the soil by water rinsing.Colloidal particle—an electrically charged particle, generally smaller in size than 200μ, dispersed in a second continuous phase.Coloring(着色)—(1)the production of desired colors on metal surfaces by appropriate(适当的) chemical or electrochemical action.(2)light buffing of metal surfaces for the purpose of producing a high luster(光彩,光泽). Called color buffing(着金黄色).Complex ion(络合离子)—an ion composed(组成) of two or more ions or radicals(根本的), both of which are capable of independent(不受约束的) existence, for example ［Cu(NO)3］-.Complex agent(络合剂)—a compound that will combing with metallic ions to form complex ions.Composite plate(复合镀层) –an electrodeposit consisting of two or more layers of metal deposited successively.Concentration polarization(浓差极化)—that part of the total polarization that is caused by changes in the activity of the potential determining(决定) components(成份) of the electrolyte(电解液).Conductance(电导)—the capacity of a medium, usually expressed in mhos, for transmitting electric current, the reciprocal of resistance.Conducting salt(导电盐)—a salt added to the solution in order to increase its conductivity.Conductivity(specific conductance)(电导率)—the current transferred across unit area per unit potential gradient. In the metric system. Amperes per square cm divided by volts per cm. The reciprocal(相映的,倒数的) of resistivity(电阻系数).Contact plating—deposition of a metal by the use of an internal source of current by immersion of the work in solution in contact with another metal.Contact potential(接触电位)—the potential difference at the junction(连接) of two dissimilar(不同的) substances(物质,基体).Conversion coating—a coating produced by chemical or electro-chemical treatment of a metallic surface that gives a superficial layer containing a compound of the metal, for example, chromate coatings on zinc and cadmium, chromate coatings on zinc and cadmium, oxide coating on steel.Corrodkote test—an accelerated corrosion test for electrode-posits(see method B 380).corrosion—(1)gradualsolution or oxidation of a metal.(2)solution of anode metal by the electrochemical action in the plating cell.coulomb—the quantity of electricity that is transmitted through an electric circuit in 1s when the current in the circuit is 1A. The quantity of electricity that will deposit 0.001118g of silver.coulometer—an electrolytic cell arranged to measure the quantity of electricity by the chemical action produced in accordance with faradays law.Covering power—the ability of a plating solution under a specified set of plating conditions to deposit metal on the surfaces of recesses or deep holes(to be distinguished from throwing power).Critical current density—a current density above which a new and sometimes undesirable reaction occurs.Current density—current per unit area.Current efficiency—the proportion, usually expressed as a percentage of the current that is effective in carrying out a specified process in accordance with faradays law.Cutting down—polishing or buffing for the purpose of removing roughness or irregularities.Deburring—the removal of burrs,shapp adges,or fins by mechanical,chemical,or electrochemical means.Decomposition potential—the minimum potential,exclusive of Irdrop,at which an electrochemical process can take place at an appreciable rate.Degreasing（脱脂）—the removal of grease （脂）and oils（油）from a surface.Solvent degreasing（溶剂脱脂）—degreasing by immersion in liquid organic solvent.Vapor degreasing—degreasing by solvent vapors condensing on the parts being cleaned.Deionization（去离子）—the removal of ions from a solution by ion exchange.Depolarization（去极化）—a decrease in the polarizatio of an electrode at a specified current density.Depolarizer（去极化剂）—a substance or a means that produces depolarization.Detergant（洗涤剂）—a surface-active agent that posseess the ability to clean soild surfaces.Anionic（阴离子）detergent（洗涤剂）—a detergent that produces aggregates of negatively-charged ions with colloidal properties（性质）.Cationic detergent— a detergent that produces aggregates of positively-cahraged ions with colloidal properties.Nonionioc detergent（非离子洗涤剂）—a detergent that produce aggretates of electrically-neutral molecules with colloidal properties.Diaphragm（隔膜）—a porous（多孔的）or permeable（可修造的）membrane （膜）separating（分开）anode and cathode compartments of an electrolytic cell （电解槽池）from each other or from an intermediate（中间）comparyment.Diffusion coating —an alloy coating produced by applying heat to one or more coating deposited on a basis metal.。