Gustave Eiffel将钢结构引入法国。
His designs for the Galerie des Machines and the Tower for the Paris Exposition of 1889 expressed the lightness of the steel framework.
材料和结构形式被组合在一起形成了建筑物的不同部分。包 括承重的框架、外墙、楼板层、以及隔墙。
The building also has mechanical and electrical systems, such as elevators, heating and cooling systems, and lighting systems.
土木工程专业英语

2
Components of A Building 建筑物的组成部分
Materials and structural forms are combined to make up the various parts of a building, including the load carrying frame, skin, floors, and partitions.
建筑物还有机械和电力系统，比如，电梯、供暖制冷系统， 照明系统。
The superstructure is that part of a building above ground, and the substructure and foundation, is that part of a building below ground.
Lesson 3 Components of A Building 建筑物的组成
New words and phrases:
partition converter framework surpass exterior lintel opaque deck corrugate duct ancillary ventilate allocate conceal conduit stratification exhibit curtain wall 幕墙 bearing wall 承重墙 plumbing system 卫生设备系统 plumber 水管工人 A plumber is a person who fits and mends the plumbing. 管子工是安装和修理水管的人。 air conditioning 空气调节
埃非尔铁搭高达300m，是当时人类修建的最高的结构，直 到40年后，其高度才被美国的一系列的摩天大楼超过。
The first elevator was installed by Elisha Otis in a department store in New York, in 1857.
第一部电梯是由Elisha Otis在1857年安装在纽约的一座百货 公司里。
1889年巴黎展览会的塔和他为Galerie des 机械的设计表 现了钢结构的灵活性。
土木工程专业英语

4
Development of High Buildings 高建筑物的发展
The Eiffel Tower, 984 feet (300 meters) high, was the tallest structure built by man and was not surpassed til 40 years later by a series of American skyscrapers.
上部结构是建筑物在地面上的部分 , 而下部结构以及基础是 建筑物的地下部分。 super- 表示“在...上,加之”之义。superabundant 过多的, 有余的
土木工程专业英语

3
Development of High Buildings 高建筑物的发展
The skyscraper, owes its existence to two developments of the 19th century：steel skeleton construction and the passenger elevator.
摩天大楼的出现得益于19世纪的两大发展 ：钢结构建筑 和载人电梯。
土木工程专业英语

1
Words
4. surpass 超过，胜过
(1) To be beyond the limit, powers, or capacity of
超过权限、权力或能力
(2) To be or go beyond as in degree or quality
Steel as a construction material dates from the introduction of the Bessemer converter in 1855.
钢材作为一种建筑材料是始于1855年贝色麦转炉炼钢法 的引入。
Gustave Eiffel (1832-1923) introduce steel construction in France.
In 1889, Eiffel installed the first elevators on a grand scale in the Eiffel Tower, whose hydraulic elevators could transport 2,350 passengers to the summit every hour.
在程度或质量上胜过或超过 5. exterior 外部的，外面的 反义词－－interior 内部的 ex－表示“由...出来, 自”之义 如：ex-president 前任总统 14. conceal 隐蔽、隐瞒 conceal sth. from sb. 对某人隐瞒某事 如: He concealed his real motives from me.