上海市英语高级口译资格证书第一阶段考试2001年9月(Test Book)SECTION 1: LISTENING TEST(30 MINUTES)Part A: Spot DictationDirection:In this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage with blanks in it. Fill in each of the blanks with the words you have heard on the tape. Write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.Remember you will hear the passage ONLY ONCE.The parents set the rules and the children obey, right? Wrong. In a growing number of North American families, adults have let their children _______________(1). “Parents want to be nurturing and make their small children happy, but many have become confused about _________ (2) to achieve this,”explains a noted psychologist. “Large numbers of parents are being ________ (3), to the point that entire families end up organizing themselves around _______________(4).”The problem is that many fathers and mothers try to be _______________(5) to their children. However, parenting is not a popularity contest. _______________(6) is a normal part of child development and is strongest between _______________(7). Setting rules and enforcing them teaches the child that he or she is _______________(8) but not equal in authority. Then a child feels safe and secure and can be a kid again. Believe it or not, it’s frightening for a child a realize that they are _____________(9) a situation. In upside-down families, when parents _________ (10) from the rules they set, children become very insecure, anxious, and out of control. They don’t _______________(11) to protect them. In order to _______________(12) and keep control, parents should act in accordance with the following tips:First, _______________(13). Parents cannot guide a child and seek his or her approval of their decisions _______________(14). Don’t say, “It’s time for bed. OK?” Instead, say, “It’s time for bed, kids.”Second, don’t _______________(15) and then change them. It’s very important to be consistent. Once you make a rule, _______________(16).Third, pay less attention to your child when _______________(17) is bad and more when it is good. Do not reward bad behavior by giving extra attention to it. Instead, save your attention for when _______________(18).Finally, don’t allow your kids to call you by _______________(19). Thisremoves the authority figure in a child’s life. Children need parents, _______________(20).Part B: Listening ComprehensionDirections: In this part of the test there will be some short talks and conversations. After each one, you will be asked some questions. The talks, conversations and questions will be spoken ONLY ONCE. Now listen carefully and choose the right answer to each question you have heard and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following conversation.1. (A) The forthcoming sales conference.(B) Business trips to Hongkong and Europe.(C) The autumn catalogue.(D) The layout of the catalogue.2. (A) 268.(B) 368.(C) 386.(D) 486.3. (A) One pound eleven.(B) Two pounds fifty-one.(C) Two pounds seventy.(D) Three pounds.4. (A) The freight.(B) The time for mailing.(C) The exchange rate.(D) The delivery.5. (A) To wait for a decision made by head office.(B) To have the catalogue printed in Europe.(C) To negotiate the printing costs with the Hongkong printer.(D) To re-use last year’s catalogue.Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following news.6. (A) To issue a final statement proposed by the US.(B) To support a US missile defence plan.(C) To continue consultations with the US on the issue.(D) To review the situation of US military presence in Europe.7. (A) The schedule for government talks on trade between the two countries.(B) A wide but unspecified range of world issues of mutual interest.(C) The US agricultural exports to Japan.(D) Plans to reform Japan’s economy.8. (A) Below 2 per cent.(B) Around 2.5 per cent.(C) 2.9 per cent.(D) From 4.75 per cent to 4.5 per cent.9. (A) Police blamed the riots mainly on ultra-rightwing nationalists and whitepower supremacists.(B) The riots ere triggered by the general election scheduled for June.(C) The riots occurred in a rundown town of South England.(D) A considerable number of deaths and injuries were reported in local newspaper.10. (A) Three people on a village lane.(B) A bridge built to commemorate the Olympics.(C) Several vehicles on a surburban highway.(D) A building near a police station.Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following news.11. (A) A politician.(B) A leader of industry.(C) A trade union official.(D) A radio presenter.12. (A) Around one million.(B) Between two and three million.(C) About five million.(D) Ten million.13. (A) To announce the current national and international news.(B) To present famous people to the audience./(C) To introduce recorded items and to do live interviews.(D) To organize the programme and to broadcast music.14. (A) Politicians are often teased a bit too much in the programme.(B) This is a live television interview programme.(C) The programme lasts one and a half hours each day.(D) Interviewees are usually allowed to say what they want to say.15. (A) 6:00 am.(B) 6:30 am.(C) 4:00 pm.(D) 5:00 pm.Questions 16 to are based on the following talk.16. (A) The growing affluence of people in general.(B) The climatic trends which are difficult to predict.(C) The record levels of sunshine in recent years.(D) The fairly conservative projections they have made.17. (A) Sales through supermarkets have dropped slightly.(B) Sales through salons remain steady.(C) Sales through department stores are rising rapidly.(D) Sales through chemists have decreased sharply.18. (A) A steady rise in the proportion of spending used in press advertising.(B) A significant increase in sales.(C) An improvement of their turnover.(D) A reduction in the advertising budget.19. (A) Under twenty.(B) 21-to-30.(C) 31-to-45.(D) 50-plus.20. (A) Sun protection creams and lotions.(B) After-sun preparations.(C) New green and cruelty-free brand.(D) Toiletry products.SECTION 2: READING TEST(30 MINUTES)Direction: In this section you will read several passages. Each one is followed by several questions about it. You are to choose ONE best answer, (A), (B), (C) or (D), to each question. Answer all the questions following each passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that passage and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.Questions 1~5Supermarket group Tesco, no the biggest retailer in the UK, rang up its first 1bn profit last year and yesterday claimed to be the fastest growing major retailer in the world. The 700-strong chain, once regarded as a down market pile-it-high-and-sell-it-cheap business, is raking in sales of nearly ￡23bn a year and producing a profit of ￡3m a day. Only one UK retailer – Marks & Spencer –has ever breached the ￡1bn barrier before and M&S has since suffered an about-turn in its fortunes. It made only ￡430m last year.Despite criticism from consumer groups and some farmers’ representatives, Tesco, which now accounts for ￡25 of every ￡100 spent on groceries in the UK, insisted it was not making excessive profits. Chief executive Terry Leahy said the chain was making only just over ￡3 profit from every ￡100 purchase and deputy chairman David Reid said the growth had been driven by “better service, quality and value for money”.The supermarket has also benefited from the lackluster performance of some of its rivals, especially Sainsury. Until 1995 Sainsbury was bigger than Tesco, but it last reported profits were barely half Tesco’s ￡1bn. Safeway, which made ￡236m last year, is turning itself into a new breed of amall-scale hypermarket while Asda, with ￡330m profit last year, appears to have lost some of its momentum since its takeover by the American al-Mart discount chain. Tesco’s ￡1.05bn profit, which was generated in the year to the end of February, is 12% up on last year. Sales were up 11.9%.Earlier this year – in the wake of a two-year competition commission inquiry which cleared the supermarkets of making excessive profits – Tony Blair accused the supermarkets of having shoppers in “an armlock”, but Tesco denied its profits and success were being driven by squeezingsuppliers. It said it had cut prices by ￡1bn over the past five years and that its price were now 11% lower than it 1996.A spokesman for the company said: “Our profits have been growing in line with sales for a number of years. In other words, it is not margin expansion, or any rip-off, that is driving the profit growth”. “And in as much as farmers are experiencing tough times, why blame it on the supermarkets? Other macro factors are more important. Farm profits are extremely cyclical and in recent years the strong pound and the travails associated with BSE have been the main issues.”But a spokeswoman for the National Consumer Protection Council said: “It is high time Tesco cut their price more and gave the customers more benefit from their profits”, while Michael Hart, of the Small And Family Farms Alliance, accused the supermarkets of being a “new food baronial class”. The Liberal Democrats’agriculture spokesman, Colin Breed, called for the appointment of a retail regulator “who would not be in the pockets of the supermarkets”But the national Farmers’Union, while admitting that some of its members would find the earnings “hard to comprehend”, backed the company. Spokeswoman Helen Lo said farmers hit by crises like BSE and foot and mouth should work with the big grocers, rather than “age a war” on them. She said: “I think the way forward is to get farmers to muscle together to make a better profit for themselves, and they should look at efficiencies of operations.”Tesco is driving its growth through international expansion, and now operates 65 hypermarkets abroad, mostly in central Europe and Asia. Sales at those stores climbed to nearly ￡3bn last year and they produced profits of ￡74m. At home, the group last year sold ￡45m of DVD players and TV, extended its clothing range and put 8,000 new non food products on its shelves.Mr. Leahy outlines plans to spend ￡1bn opening more Tesco outlets in the UK this year. He intends to double both the number of Tesco Express stores on Esso forecourt to 100 and the number of Tesco Extra hypermarkets to around 45. The expansion plans are expected to create 20,000 new jobs –half in the UK –meaning Tesco’s world wide payroll will rise to 260,000. The Tesco com grocery home delivery business also brings in profits. The online grocer is now the biggest e-tailer in the world. Its 1m registered users and 70,000 weekly shoppers spend ￡6m a week.1. This passage is mainly about ________.(A) a comparison of supermarket groups in Britain(B) criticism of supermarkets from consumer groups(C) Tesco’s growth through international expansion(D) Tesco’s first ￡1bn profit growth and its consequent responses2. Which of the following shows the right order of supermarkets according to the profits they made last year?(A) Marks & Spencer, Sainsbury, Safeway, Asda, Tesco(B) Tesco, Sainsbury, Marks & Spencer, Asda, Safeway(C) Asda, Tesco, Sainsbury, Safeway, Marks & Spencer(D) Safeway, Sainsbury, Tesco, Asda, Marks & Spencer3. Which of the following parties or organizations sympathizes with Tesco?(A) The Liberal Democrats(B) The National Consumer Protection Council(C) The National Farmers’ Union(D) The Labour Party4. The expression “in the pockets of”from the sentence “The Liberal Democrats’agriculture spokesman, Colin Breed, called for the appointment of a retail regulator ‘who would not be in the pockets of the supermarkets’.”(para. 6) can be replaced by ________.(A) in line with(B) in the control of(C) in support of(D) in opposition to5. According to the passage, all of the following contribute to Tesco’s profit growth EXCEPT ________.(A) implementation of its margin-expansion policy(B) expansion of markets abroad(C) fast growth of e-tailing business(D) improvement of service and qualityQuestions 6~10It is a very peculiar planning inquiry. On one side are Michael Howard, Spike Milligan, Joann Lumley and Shepway district council. On the other isEnglish Nature. At stake are the fate of rare butterflies and orchids, and the civic pride of Folkestone.The proposal to create a giant white horse on a grassy chalk hill overlooking the entrance to the channel tunnel has inflamed such passion that the Department of Environment deemed an inquiry was necessary. It is due to end tomorrow, although the wrangling seems certain to continue.What began as a millennium art project has become a highly charged symbol of the town’s future. Its supporters –who include Milligan and Lumley, both friends of the artist behind the scheme – say it will regenerate the resort. The council believes the 100m long galloping horse will brand Folkestone as an energetic town, attracting visitors and giving pleasure and pride to residents fro generations to come.Its detractors call the scheme a folly which will despoil a precious resource while doing little to tackle the area’s underlying problems. English Nature argues that Cheriton Hill itself is a greater treasure than anything which could be created there. Rare abonis blue butterflies ad spider orchids have made the chalk escarpment their home; it is a site of special scientific interest and a candidate special area of conservation.“We don’t disagree with the need for economic regeneration, but there is no need to damage and destroy a site of national and international wildlife importance in the process,” said Teresa Bennett, acting team manager for the body’s Kent branch. he fears that creating and maintaining the horse would damage the area and attract tourists who could endanger the vulnerable wildlife.But supporter dismiss English Nature’s calls for them to choose a different location. “The site is pretty much the last view you have of England as you leave through the Channel tunnel and the first view you have as you arrive,”Mr. Hoard, MP for Folkestone and Hythe and a former environment minister and home secretary, told the hearing yesterday.Arguing that the potential for ecological damage had been”vastly exaggerated”, he added: “The economy of Folkestone could be transformed if only a small proportion if the large numbers of people ho leave or enter the country through the tunnel were to stop to enjoy the area’s attractions. “Despite all the efforts people have made we have so far made disappointing progress in attracting people to stay.” His conviction may have been fostered by a recent visitor from America, who spotted designs for the horse on a website and came to Folkestone believing it already existed.Charles Newington, the proposed artist, says he was taken aback by the support forhis design. “It’s become important as an issue because the people of Folkestone ant it,” he said. “You can call it a lucky charm, a talisman an icon.. I didn’t see it as a way of regenerating the area when I started, but that’s hat it’s become.”There are around 17 chalk horses in the UK and the practice of cutting the even has its own name, leucippotomy. The best known, at Uffington in Berkshire, probably dates from between 1,4000 and 600 BC, although most were created in the lat three centuries. Rather than carve a horse, Folkestone volunteers will fix panels into the soil to reduce damage from erosion and make maintenance easy. Mr. Newington estimates that it will cost around ￡4,000 which he believes will be easily raised through donations.John Prescott, the environment secretary, will read the inquiry’s recommendations and approve or reject the scheme within the next six months.Should he turn it don, Richard Bougie, who farms Cheriton Hill and is the scheme’s foremost advocate, has warned tat they may go all the ay to the European courts, albeit with misgivings. “You know what they do to horse in Brusels, don’t you?” he asked the planning inspector. “They eat them.”6. It can be concluded from the passage that the focus of the argument is _______.(A) how to preserve the wildlife in nFolkestone(B) how to attract overseas tourists to Folkestone(C) whether the giant galloping horse should be built near the Channel tunnel(D) whether ecological damage can be avoided if the horse I created on Cheriton Hill7. The proposal to build a 100m galloping horse near the entrance to the channel tunnel is warmly welcomed by the local people. The reason is that _______.(A) it will be the largest of all chalk horses in the UK(B) it will be a grand symbol of Folkestone’ culture(C) it will improve the habitat fro wildlife on Cheriton Hill(D) it will enhance the publicity of Folkestone and stimulate its tourism8. According to Charles Newignton, the designer of the giant white horse, _______.(A) the building of the hite horse has only artistic value(B) the public response to the white horse project is beyond his expectation(C) the cost for building the white horse will be a big issue(D) the planning inquiry will not stop the building of the white horse9. The author introduces Richard Bougie at the end of the passage ________.(A) for he comes from Cheriton Hill, Folkestone(B) as he will go to the European courts to win the case(C) top reveal his hatred for the practice of eating horses(D) to show local people’s support to the scheme10. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?(A) The horse will be cut on the rocks covering Cheriton Hill.(B) Mot chalk horses in the UK were built in the last few centuries.(C) English Nature is firmly against the building of chalk horse on Cheriton Hill.(D) The example of the American visitor gives support to the building of the horse.Questions 11~15“EVERYTHING worth photographing I in California,” Edward Weston once said. Hi observation, however exaggerated, points up one of the distinguishing features of California photography: It began out of the need to depict a unique place. From its beginnings to the dotcom boom of our day, California has seemed to offer people a chance to make more money and enjoy more freedom than they could back home, together with a chance to lie in a natural paradise. The California Gold Rush of 1849 was the first major historical event to be fully documented by photographers; daguerreotypist as well as gold miners could hope to make rich new lives.Sustaining the state’s rapid economic development called for investors and evermore new settlers. Both could be attracted by photographs. Individual Californians wanted pictures of themselves and their communities, not least for faraway relatives. For good and for ill- promoting both investment and conservation – photography has played a major part in making the place seem real, whether as America’s Garden of Eden or, more recently, a once-parasitic landscape ruined by greed.This remarkable story is the subject of “Capturing Light: Masterpiece of California Photography, 1850 to the Present,” an exhibition organized by the Oakland Museum of California. Selected form the museum’s own preeminent collection, it presents 200 work, most of which were originally intended as art. Others were done as unpretentiousdocumentation, or even as snapshots.The earliest panoramic view of the Yosemite Valley lent themselves to both high-mindedness and economic exploitation. In historical fact, such photographs were used to argue in favor of establishing our national park system, but dream of pristine natural beauty have also led many an outlander to invest or settle in California. America’s onetime Eden is now its most populous state, beset by electric-power shortages and environmental degradation, but still offering visions of breath-taking natural beauty.As the years passed, photography changed to reflect new perceptions of the world. By the late-19th century, science and technology –which had given us the locomotive and the steel mill, as well as the camera – could no longer be seen a unqualified blessing. So-called pictorial photography, characterized by blurry focus and wistful moods, was a genteel protest against the realitie of unchecked industrialism. In California, where check on that trend were almost nonexistent, photography perhaps played a larger role than elsewhere. Such paternalists as Arnold Genthe and Johan Hagemeyer contrived to photograph eve crowded San Francisco as if little had changed since the Middle Ages.The more optimistic 1920s brought a reaction against soft-focus genteelism. As with modern architecture’s refusal to blur the underlying geometric shape of a building with ornament, such California photographers as Ansel Adams, Edward Weston, and Imogen Cunningham celebrated nature by photographing it in sharp focus, as if its forms were eternal. But the need to document history reasserted itself during the 1930s; Dorothea Lange’s poor migrant workers became as classic an expression of life in California as Ansel Adams’s mountains.All of these photographers worked with the camera as a tool, a surrogate eye’photography was not a force in itself, to be investigated by photographers. Today’s California, long established as a center of the film and television industries, can no longer ignore the effect of its own images. Much of the state’s recent artistic photography explores the implications of picturemaking itself. Against that background, Lynn Hershman’s woman in high heels, with a TV set for a head, is an almost quintessential expression of the idea that we all, to a greater or lesser extent, are forming ourselves out of other people’s pictures.“Capturing Light” is at The Oakland Museum of California through May 27. A national tour is planned with venues to be announced.11. The passage is mainly about ________.(A) the California Gold Rush of 1849(B) the environmental pollution in California(C) the artistic features of California photography(D) the role of photography in development of California12. Which of the following cannot be concluded about the exhibition “Capturing Light”?(A) It includes works taken over the past one ad half centuries.(B) It shows the outstanding collection of the Oakland Museum of California.(C) It is selected from contributions from well-known photographers.(D) It gives the documentation of historical changes in California13. The so-called “pictorial photograph” discussed in paragraph 5 was regarded as ________.(A) a record of the unique beauty on California(B) a protest against the negative side of industrialism(C) a depiction of change brought by science and technology(D) a portrayal of the coming of locomotive and steel mill14. According to the passage, which of the following in NOT directly intended by photographers in California?(A) To attract tourists and new settlers to California.(B) To document the natural beauty of California.(C) To record the consequences of environmental pollution.(D) To demonstrate the life and work of Californians.15. According to the page, California’s recent artistic photography _______.(A) tells the importance of film and television industries(B) explores the art of film and television making(C) expresses the significance of other people’s pictures(D) studies the interactive nature of picturemakingQuestions 16~20THE ABORTION WARS AGE ON again. No, abortion is not about to be outlawed. In America, this battle is fought, peculiarly, not at the center but at the periphery. The new President repeal the former President’s directive allowing funding for abortion counseling overseas. Now, there may be good reason to pause before opening wide the door to this kind of research-but not for the reasons being advanced byopponents of abortion. The real problem is not where the cells come from, but where they are going.At immediate issue are “stem cells,”cells often taken from the very earliest embryo. Because they are potentially capable of developing into any kind of cell, they may help cure an array of intractable diseases. Pro-life forces find the procedure ethically impermissible, because removing the cells kills the embryo. Moreover, they argue, harvesting this biological treasure will encourage the manufacture of human embryos for precisely this utilitarian purpose.But their arguments fail. First, stem cell are usually taken from embryos produced for external fertilization or from aborted fetuses. Both procedure are legal. They produce cell of incalculable value that would otherwise be discarded. Why not derive human benefit from them? Second, the National Institutes of health guidelines issued last August take away any incentive to abort or otherwise produce embryos just for their useful parts: no payment for embryos and no dedication of embryonic cells for specific recipients. Finally, there is the potential benefit. Because embryonic tem cells can theoretically develop into any cell type in the body, they could cure all kind of diseases. Will it work? We can’t know without the research.One can admire pro-lifers for trying to prevent science from turning human embryos into tissue factories. But there is a rearguard action. The benefits of such research will soon become apparent. Those resisting this research will find themselves outflanked politically, as the stampede of the incurably sick and their loved ones rolls through Congress demanding research and treatment. The resister will also find themselves outflanked morally when the amount of human suffering that stem cells might alleviate is weighed against the small risk of increasing the number of embryos that do not see life.In their desire to keep the embryo inviolable opponent are missing the main moral issue. The real problem with research that manipulates early embryonic cells is not the cells’ origin but their destiny. What really ought to give us pause about research that harnesses the fantastic powers of primitive cell to develop into entire organs and even organisms is what monsters we will soon be capable of creating.In 1998, Massachusetts scientist injected a human nucleus into a cow egg. The resulting embryo, destroyed early, appeared to be producing human protein, but we have no idea hat kind of grotesque hybrid entity would come out of such a marriage. Last October, the first primate containing genes from another species—a monkey with a jellyfish gene—was born. Monkey today. Tomorrow humans.Just last month Britain legalized embryonic tem-cell research. Parliament also permitted “therapeutic”human cloning. That means that you cannot grow your clone in a uterus to produce a copy of yourself, but you can grow it in a test tube to produce organs a spare parts. Anyone who believes that such lines will not be crossed is living on the moon.The heart of problem is this: It took Nature 3 billion years of evolution to produce cells that have the awesome power to develop autonomously, through staggeringly complex chemical reactions, into anything from a kidney cell to a full thinking human being. We are about to harness that power for crude human purposes.What will our purposes be? Of course there will be great medical benefits. They will seduce us into forging bravely, recklessly ahead. But just around the corner lies the logical by-product of such research: the hybrid human-animal species, the partly developed human bodies for use as parts, and other grotesqueries a yet unimagined. That is what ought to be giving us pause: not where we took these magnificent cells from but where they are taking us.16. According to the author, the opponents of abortion, or profilers, _______.(A) are groundless towards fetal-tissue research(B) do not recognize the potential benefit of stem cell(C) are to be highly admired and sympathized(D) do not understand the moral consequence of embryonic research17. It can be concluded from the passage that the author ________.(A) thinks that the abortion should never be approved(B) is vehementally counterattacking the views of pro-lifers(C) takes a more comprehensive view toward fetal-tissue research(D) I suggesting that the embryonic research should continue18. The expression “Monkeys today. Tomorrow human”(para. 6) can best be paragraphed as which of the following?(A) Monkey will be evolved into humpans.(B) The embryonic research may produce human-animal species.(C) Humans and monkeys are from the same ancestor.(D) The evolution from monkey to human is a cyclic process.19. Which of the following is implied in the sentence “Anyone who believes that such lines will not be crossed is living on the moon.。