English as the Language of Knowledge Exchange
• Most disciplines have progressively switched from publishing in journals in their own language to publishing in journals in English.
• Part III Issues and challenges of teaching EAP in China
Part I Changes in educational institutions
Braj Kachru's model of World Englishes
Two distinct roles for institutions which have English as the medium of instruction:
(Hyland, 2006)
4. The what and how of EAP
• The Early Years (1950s-1960s) • Three Decades of Growth and Developing Tradition
(1970s, 1980s, 1990s) • The current situation (since 2000)
(Jordan, 2002)
2. EAP and TEAP: definitions
• English for Academic Purposes refers to language research and instruction that focuses on the spees of particular groups in academic contexts.
• Materials Development Aim: provide basic preparation for good study habits e.g. discipline specific materials “study skills” materials and texts research paper writing
Dudley-Evans and St John (1998: 41)
3. Nature of EAP
ESAP
• concerns the teaching of skills and language which are related to the demands of a particular discipline or department.
• A sub-discipline within ESP with following features:
an eclectic and pragmatic discipline considering a wide range of linguistic, applied linguistic and educational topics
Teaching English for Academic Purposes (EAP) focuses on „teaching English specifically to facilitate learners‟ study or research through the medium of English‟
4. The what and how of EAP Three Decades of Growth and Developing Tradition (1970s, 1980s, 1990s)
• Supporting International Students
• English as the Language of Knowledge Exchange
Hutchinson and Waters (2002, P. 17)
1. Classifying EAP in English language teaching
English as foreign language
General English
English for specific purposes
• Language support that was provided to international students tended to be on an ad hoc, part-time basis.
4. The what and how of EAP
The early years (1950s-1960s)
(Hyland, Hamp-Lyons, 2002)
2. EAP and TEAP: definitions
• TEAP: the teaching of English with the specific aim of helping learners to study, conduct research or teach in that language (Flowerdew and Peacock, 2001: 8).
• Various ways to collect data of students‟ needs e.g. language tests, questionnaire surveys, monitoring in class, self-assessment and interviews
Supporting international students
• Induction courses, such as short courses (e.g. four weeks at the beginning of the students‟ studies) were development.
• Birmingham University, Leeds University, Manchester University, Newcastle University
English for academic purposes
English for occupational
purposes
2. EAP and TEAP: definitions
• „English for Academic Purposes‟ seems to have been coined by Tim Johns in 1974 and made its first published appearance in a collection of papers edited by Cowie and Heaton in 1977.
Supporting international students
• needs analysis Needs analysis is fundamental to an EAP approach to course design and teaching. Liz Hamp-Lyons (2000)
3. Nature of EAP
EGAP focuses on the skills, language forms and study activities thought to be common to all disciplines e.g. • Listening to lectures. • Participating in supervisions, seminars and tutorials. • Reading textbooks, articles and other material. • Writing essays, examination answers, dissertations and reports.
(Liz Hamp-Lyons, 2011)
3. Nature of EAP
• designed to meet specified needs of the learner • related in content (i.e. in its themes and topics) to
particular disciplines, occupations and activities • centered on the language appropriated to those
• Student writing (from essays to exam papers and graduate theses).
• Administrative practice (from course documents to doctoral oral defences).
3. Nature of EAP
activities in syntax, lexis, discourse, semantics etc., and analysis of this discourse • in contrast with “General English”
Strevens (1988)
3. Nature of EAP • EGAP: English for general academic purposes • ESAP: English for specific academic purposes
• Classroom interactions (from teacher feedback to tutorials and seminar discussions).
2. EAP and TEAP: definitions
• Research genres (from journal articles to conference papers and grant proposals).