英语句子成分和句子结
构分析
Company Document number:WUUT-WUUY-WBBGB-BWYTT-1982GT
英语句子成分和句子结构分析语法讲解1
认识语法
一、英语语法分为两大部分
词法(微观遣词);句法(宏观造句)
01词法(微观遣词)
1.实词:有实际意义的词。
名词n.:表事物名称
动词vi./vt.:行为,动态。
vi.不及物动词,本身可以表达完整意义,后面不需要带宾语
vt.及物动词,本身无法表达完整意义,后面必须带宾语
形容词adj.:修饰n.
副词adv.:修饰v./adj.或者句子中其他adv或者整个句子
代词Pron.:代替n.
数词num.:表数量(基数词),表顺序(序数词)
2.虚词:没有实际意义的词。
介词prep.:说明词与词之间的关系
连词conj.:说明句子与句子之间的关系
冠词art.:在n.前,限定n.
感叹词int.:表达感叹
02句法(宏观造句)
1.句子的成分
2.句子结构
3.句子的变化
4.句子的功能
5.句子的类型:简单句,并列句,复合句
6.复合句:名词性从句,定语从句,状语从句
二、语法四大原则
1.词性决定词用
2.同类同用
同种类型的词,用法相同,越细分,越一致
3.动词即句魂
句子里最重要的是谓语,谓语部分最重要的就是动词
4.举一反三
由表及里,发掘句子结构,归属;认识句子本质,由点及面,放大到句群。
语法精讲2
句子的成分
主体:主语,谓语,宾语,表语
次体:定语,状语,补语,同位语
主语:一个句子的主体,是全句述说的对象。
常由名词,代词或相当于名词或代词的词担任,一般放在句首。
The sun(名词n.) rises in the east.
W e(代词pron.) are friends
T wenty years(数词num.) is a short time in history.
S eeing(动名词) is believing
T o be a teacher(不定式)is my dream
W hat he needs(句子)is a book 主语从句
I t(形式主语)is time to go home(真正的主语)形式主语是为保持
句子平衡
谓语:表示主语的行为或状态,常用动词或动词词组担任,放在主语的后面W e study(实意动词)English!
I can(情态动词)do it!
I don’t(助动词)know!
H e is(系动词)asleep.
宾语:表示谓语行为的对象,常由名词,代词或相当于名词的词担任,一般放在及物动词或者介词之后。
I play with him(代词)
I like china(名词)
H ow many do you need——we need two(数词)
I enjoy working with you(动名词)
I hope to see you again(不定式)
D id you write downwhat he said(句子)
U nder the snow(介宾短语),there are many rocks.
H e gave me(间接宾语)a book(直接宾语) yesterday
表语:用来说明主语的性质或状态,一般由名词或者形容词担任。
凡是系动词(be 动词,感官动词等)出现的地方,后面必定带着表语
He is a teacher(名词)
Seventy-four !you don’t look it(代词)
F ive and five is ten(数词)
H e is asleep(形容词)
T his picture is on the wall(介词短语)
M y watch is missing/lost (形容词化的分词)
T o wear a flower is to say“ I’m poor ,I can’t buy a ring”(不定式)
T he question is whether they will come(句子)
语法精讲3
定语:用来修饰或者限制名词的成分,常用形容词或者相当于形容词的短语或者从句担任,形容词放在名词前面。
相当于形容词的短语或者从句放在名词后面。
H e is a clever boy
T his is an apple tree
T here are ten students in our class
S he is Tom’s sister
H e bought some sleeping pills
T he girl in red is his sister
W e have a lot of work to do
T he girl standing under the tree is his daughter
D o you know the man who spoke just now.
状语:用来说明动词,形容词,副词或者整个句子的成分。
常由副词担任。
修饰动词可放动词前,也可放在动词后;修饰形容词或者副词时放在他们前面。
动词的八个状态:时间,地点,原因,状态,目的,结果,方式,程度
T he students study hard
I often write to him
H e wrote with a red pencil
H e went to see a film
T he students went away laughing
I’ll write to you as soon as I get there .
补语:表示补充说明,总是跟着宾语跑
I found a book lying on the floor.
D o you smell something burning
S he asked me to go with her.
独立成分:同位语,感叹语
B ruce,my English teacher,is a cool man
That’s great!
语法精讲4
简单句的5种基本结构
通过一个爱情故事掌握5种简单句。
1,主语+谓语:She comes.
2,主语+系动词+表语She is lovely.
3,主语+谓语+宾语I love her.
4,主语+谓语+间宾+直宾I gave her a rose.
5,主语+谓语+宾语+宾补I made her happy.
三大句子结构类型
1,简单句
F rank and Eric are good friends.
I make and have breakfast.
2,并列句
I like English,but I don’t like math.
I hate grammar,while he loves it.
3,复合句
W hat she does is not good.
T he man who has an umbrella in his hand is my uncle.
W hen you finish the work,you may go out to play with Sam.
语法精讲5 简单句
D on’t speak in class!
04
感叹句:how/what 开头 H ow clever the boy is !
W hat a nice day it is!。