美国文学史及选读期末复习重点考试题型:1. 名词解释（20分）5个*4=20分2•选择题（20分）3•连线题（10分）4•判断题（10分）5•片段赏析（20分）一个10分2个一个小说一个诗歌6. 论述题（20分）一个10分2个一个小说一个诗歌The Outli ne of America n LiteratureRealists: Henry James and his psychological realismWilliam Dean Howells and his moral realismLocal Colorism/Regio nalism: Mark TwainNaturalists: Stephen Crane /DreiserThe Modern Period 1914-1945Moder n Poetry:Imagism:Ezra PoundW.C.WilliamsLyrical Poet : Robert FrostCarl San dburgWallace Steve nsModer n Novelists:Represe ntatives of the Lost Gen erati on:（Jazz Age）F.Scott Fitzgerald/Ernest Hemi ngway/T.S.EliotEpitome of the Souther n Ren aissa nee:William Faulk nerThe Leftist Novelists:Joh n Dos Passos/Joh n Stein beckThe Jewish American Novelists in this period:Eugene O NeillPart I Term Defin iti on1. American Naturalism:美国自然主义1. Naturalism is a more deliberate kind of realism and this term describes a type of literature that attempts2. Naturalism is a literary movement that used detailed realism to suggest that social conditions, heredity, and environment had in escapable force in shap ing huma n character.3.Although n aturalist described the world with sometimes brutal realism, it sometimes also aimed at bettering the world through socialreform.4.It accepted the in terpretati on of Darwin leadi ng figure of this school.5.The represe ntative figureis Stephe n Crane and his Sister Carrie.Key words : Darwin ' Evolutionary Theory;environment and heredity; objectivity and detachment Theodore Dreiser; Sister Carrie, Stephe n Crane, etc.2. American Realism:美国现实主义1. 时间：In America n literature, the Civil War brought the Roman tic Period to an end. The Age of Realismcame into existe nee. 内战将浪漫主义结束，开启现实主义。

2.It came as a reacti on aga inst the lie of roman ticism and sen time ntalism. 反对浪漫主义和感伤主义3. Realism turned from an emphasis on the stra nge toward a faithful of the ordin ary, a slice of life as it is really lived. It expresses the concern for commo nplace and the low, and it offers an objective rather tha nan idealistic view of the huma n n ature and huma n experie nee. 现实主义从对奇异的强调转向对平凡的忠禾口人类经验。

4.A realistic writer is more objective than subjective ，more descriptive than symbolism.5.The represe ntative figures are Mark Twain, Henry James and Howells.Key words : Mark Twain, Henry James and Howells ；reality; the depressed;to apply scie ntific prin ciples of objectivity （客观）and detachme nt （冷静）to its study of huma n beings.'evoluti onary theory and Dreiser is aliterature实的渲染，一种生活的片段。

它表达了对平庸和平庸的关注，它提供了一个客观的而不是理想化的人性观3. Modernism:现代主义1.It was a complex and diverse （复杂多样的）international movement in all the creative arts （仓U造性艺术）,originating about the end of the 19th century.2.It provided （出现）the greatest creative ren aissa nee of the 20th cen tury.3.It was made up of many facets （方面）,such as symbolism , surrealism （超现实主义）,cubism （立体主义）, expressionism, futurism （未来主义）,etc.4. Modernism implies historical discontinuity , a sense of alienation , of loss and of despair.‘[souther n Ren aissa nce（南方文艺复兴，必考）:1. 时间：The Southern Renaissance is the revival of American Southern literature that began in the 1920sand 1930s un til the 1950s.2.特色：Much of the writ in gs featured the struggle betwee n those who embraced social cha nges and those who were more skeptical.3. 观点：The writers attempt to come to terms not only with the inherited values of the Southern tradition , but also with a certain way of perceivingand deali ng with the past.4. 代表人物：The represe ntative figures are William Faulk ner Williams and soon.5.Imagism:意象主义1. 时间，地点，影响：Imagism was a literary poetic moveme nt which flourished in London between 1909 ______ and 1917 a nd had an en duri ng and pervasive in flue nce on En glish-la nguage poetry in the twen tieth cen tury.2. 意象主义三原则：Here are three imagist poetic principles:Direct treatment of the thing whethersubjective or objective ; Eliminate merely ornamental or superfluous words ; As regarding rhythm , to精品资料compose in the seque nee of the musical phrase ,not in the seque nee of a metr ono me.3.代表人物：The imagists were led by Ezra Pound and the represe ntative figures are D.H .L awre nce.Ezra Pound and soon.6.Iceberg Principle:冰山原则1.主要观点：Iceberg Prin ciple is that the full meaning of the text is n ot limited to movi ng the plot forward : there is always a web of association and inference , a submerged reason behind the inclusion of every detail.2.提出者：It is a writing style coined by American writer Ernest Hemingway.3. 举例：In Death in the Afternoon （午后之死），Hemingway outlined his t heory of omission ”r iceberg principle "4 海明威的观点: He believed the deeper meaning of a story should not be evident on the surface , but should shine through implicitly.The dig nity of moveme nt of an ice-berg is due to on ly on e-eighth of it being above water.7. Jazz Age:爵士时代1.时间，地点：The Jazz Age describes the period of the 1920s and 1930s,the years between World WarI and World War II,particularly in North America,continuing through the Roaring Twenties and endingwith the rise of the Great Depressi on in America.2. 代表人物，特点：The represe ntative figure is F.Scott Fitzgerald with his novel The Great Gatsby,highlighti ng the decade nee （颓废）and hedo nism （享乐主义），as well as the growth of individualism.8. Hemi ngway Heroes/Code Hero: 海明威式英雄1. Hem in gway Heroes refer to some protago ni sts in Hemin gway's works.2. As a concept from Hemingway' works , Code Hero is defined by Hemingway as a man who livescorrectly , followi ng the ideals of honour , courage and en dura nee in a world.3.It sta nds for a whole generation and this kind of hero is an average man of decidely masculine tastes , a man who is sensitiveand intelligent , a man of actions and of few words.For example , he uses his code hero , who is named in most of his no vels as Nick Adams to teach readers a creative and discipli ned way of life.9. American Dream:美国梦The American Dream is the faith held by many people in the United States of America that through hardwork,courage and determ in ati on one can achieve a better life for on eself,usually through finan cial prosperity.These were values held by many early European settlers,and have been passed on to subseque nt gen erati on s.America n dream means the belief that every one can succeed as long as he/she works hard eno ugh. It usually implies a successful and satisfy ing life.美国梦是由在美利坚合众国的许多人通过努力保持信心，勇气和决心实现一个能给自己一个更好的生活，通常通过金融繁荣。