非谓语作补语一．带to的不定式（to do ）作宾补的动词常见的有：ask, invite, tell, want, encourage, wish, expect, beg, request, require, advise, order, force, cause, allow, permit, forbid, warn, remind, teach, send, call on, wait for, would like / love / prefer等表示劝请、要求类动词后，用带to的不定式作宾补1. My advisor encouraged ________ a summer course to improve my writing skills. (北京卷)A. for me takingB. me takingC. for me to takeD. me to take2. The teacher asked us ________ so much noise. (北京卷)A. don’t mak eB. not makeC. not makingD. not to make3. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him ________. (全国卷)A. not toB. not to doC. not do itD. do not do4. The patient was warned ________ oily food after the operation. (全国卷)A. to eat notB. eating notC. not to eatD. not eating二. 在使役动词后作宾补的不定式不带to在使役动词make, let, have后，一般用不带to的不定式作宾补，但在其被动式后作主语补足语时，要加上to。
1. Though he had often made his little sister ________, today he was made ________ by his little sister.A. cry, to cryB. crying, cryingC. cry, cryD. to cry, cry2. Paul doesn’t have to be made ________. He always works hard. (全国卷)A. learnB. to learnC. learnedD. learning三．在感官动词后作宾补的非谓语动词形式感官动词feel, listen to, hear, see, look at, watch, notice，observe 等后面的宾语与作宾补的非谓语动词在逻辑上是主动关系时，用不带to的(在被动式后作主补时要加to)不定式(全过程)或者现在分词作宾补(正在发生)，是被动关系是时，用过去分词作宾补1. They knew her very well. They had seen her ________ up from childhood. (全国卷)A. growB. grewC. was growingD. to grow2. The missing boy were last seen ________ near the river. (全国卷)A. playingB. to be playingC. playD. to play3. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see ________ the next year. (全国卷)A. carried outB. carrying outC. carry outD. to carry out四．其宾语后可用分词或不定式的3个动词在want, get, have等动词的宾语后面可接现在分词、过去分词或动词不定式。
现分述如下：①want sb. doing希望某人做某事(多用于否定)；want sb. to do要某人做某事；want sth. done=want sth. to be done(被动)。
I don’t wan t you arriving late. 我希望你不要迟到。
(主动、否定句)I want the letter (to be) opened now. 我现在就想把这封信拆开。
(被动)②get sb. to do sth. 使某人做某事(主动、将来); get…doing使…开始做某事; get…done=have sth. done请人做/ 遭受(被动)。
如：I’ll try to get her ________ the doctor. (上海卷)A. seeB. seeingC. to seeD. for seeing③have sth. done=get sth. done请人做某事; have sb / sth. doing sth. 使某人/ 某物一直做某事或者处于某种状态；have sb. do sth. 使某人做某事(见使役动词)；have sth. to do有事要做(见非谓语动词作定语部分)。
1. He didn’t keep on asking me the time any longer as he had had his wa tch ________. (上海卷)A. to repairB. repairedC.repairingD. repair五．可用分词但不用to do作补语的5个动词Leave，keep, find等后可用现在分词(主动)或过去分词(被动)作补语，一般不用to do。
在catch(撞见), smell(闻到), 等后通常只接现在分词作补语，不用不定式或过去分词。
1. It was so cold that they kept the fire ________ all night. (全国卷)A. to burnB. burntC. burningD. burned2. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found ________ in the kitchen. (全国卷)A. smokeB. smokingC. to smokeD. smoked3. He looked around and caught a man ________ his hand into the pocket of a passenger. (安徽卷)A. putB. to be puttingC. to putD. putting4. The salesman scolded the girl caught ________ and let her off. (全国卷)A. to have stolenB. to be stealingC. to stealD. stealing5.Don’t leave the water ________ while you brush your teeth. (天津卷)A. runB. runningC. being runD. to run。
六．make oneself 后常用understood等过去分词作宾补make oneself understood / heard / seen / known让别人明白自己的意思/ 让自己讲的话被别人听到/ 让自己被别人看到/ 让自己被别人认识。
如：1. The speaker raised his voice but still couldn’t make himself ________. (全国卷)A. hearB. to hearC. hearingD. heard2. Helen had to shout ________ above the sound of the music. (广西卷)A. making herself hearB. to make herself hearC. making herself heardD. to make herself heard七．可用to be或to have done作补语的9个动词在表示“认为”的think, consider, believe, suppose, prove, find, understand, judge, imagine等动词后，可跟to be作补语(认为…是…)，一般不跟to do；但在think, consider, believe等之后可跟to have done作补语(认为…做了…)。
如：Charles Babage is generally considered ________ the first computer. (全国卷)A. to have inventedB. inventingC. to inventD. having invented八．在be said / reported 等后用不定式在be said, be reported, be believed, be supposed, be thought等后面，以及要求接不定式。
1. He was reported to have broken the world record. 据报道他打破了世界纪录。
=It is reported that he has broken the world record.2. The flu is believed ____ by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat. (上海卷) A. causeB. being causedC. to be causedD. to have caused3. Robert is said ________ abroad, but I don’t know what country he studied in. (全国卷)A. to have studiedB. to studyC. to be studyingD. to have been studying九．在介词with后作宾补的非谓语动词形式在with的宾语后，若用过去分词，表示宾语与过去分词在逻辑上是被动关系，且意味着该动作已经完成或；若用现在分词，表示宾语与现在分词在逻辑上是主动关系，且表示动作的持续进行；若用带to的不定式，则表示将来的动作，宾语与不定式在逻辑上可以是主动关系也可以是被动关系，注意此时的不定式不是作宾补而是作宾语的定语了。