非谓语动词的独立主格结构：
“名词或代词+ 非谓语动词”结构构成的独立主格结构称 名词或代词 非谓语动词” 为非谓语动词的独立主格结构。 为非谓语动词的独立主格结构。 不定式构成的独立主格结构（ 不定式构成的独立主格结构（表示还未发生的行为或 状态，在句中做原因状语、条件状语） 状态，在句中做原因状语、条件状语） Lots of homework to do, I have to stay at home .
了,他们只好回家 4 房子里有两个房间,小的那个当书房 5 昨天晚上那里起火了,有几个人丧生,大 多数逃离了火海
1. Weather permitting , we’ll go to visit the Great Wall 2 He fell asleep with the window open 3 All the tickets having been sold out , he had to go home 4 There are two rooms in the house , the smaller of them serving as a study room 5 A fire broke out last night , a few men killed , most being able to escape from the fire
大多数的独立主格结构可以用“ 宾语+宾语补足语 大多数的独立主格结构可以用“with +宾语 宾语补足语” 宾语 宾语补足语” 来代替。 来代替。 1）。 He lay there thinking, his hands behind his head.(= ）。 with his hands behind his head)
伴随
N \ pron + doing/ to do/ done ___________________, he is liked by everyone. Being honest ___________________(因为他很诚实 we like him. 因为他很诚实), 因为他很诚实 He being honest So_____________________, I had to devote the many windows to clean whole afternoon.(有这么多窗户要擦 有这么多窗户要擦) 有这么多窗户要擦 ____________________, 所有的 All the windows cleaned I had a good rest.(所有的 窗子都擦完了) 窗子都擦完了 The question being discussed a man came up with a _______________________, practical solution.(正讨论这个问题时 正讨论这个问题时) 正讨论这个问题时
1. So many windows to clean, I had to devote the whole afternoon. 将要 2. All the windows cleaned, I had a good rest. 完成、 完成、被动 3. The question being discussed , a man came up with a practical solution. 进行
3._______ , the reward was given to him . • Being honest B. As an honest boy C. He being honest D. He was honest 4._______ ___ no bus , we had to go home by bus . • Being B. There being C. There was 5 _____ fine , we went out for a picnic . A. Being B. It being C. It was
独立主格结构： 独立主格结构： 形式： 其他成分（ 形式：n\pron + 其他成分（dong\done \to do \n. \adj.\adv\介词短语） 介词短语） 介词短语 在语法上是一个独立的短语，不是句子， 在语法上是一个独立的短语，不是句子，在意思上依附 于整个句子，相当于状语，表示时间、原因、条件、 于整个句子，相当于状语，表示时间、原因、条件、 或伴随等情况。 或伴随等情况。 原因 1. It being Sunday, they had no classes. 2. The signal given, the train started. 时间 3. The children were making a snowman, hands red with cold. 伴随 4. He sat in the chair, book in hand and pipe in mouth. 5. I received many gifts, many of them books.
1. While walking on the playground , _____.
A. a ball hit me B. my head was hit by a ball C. I was hit by a ball D. he was badly wounded 2. _____ , he went out to play basketball . A. The exercise done B. on the exercises C. Having been done the exercises D. The exercises having finished
独立主格结构特点:
.当我们表达复杂信息时，常用结构复杂的句子， 当我们表达复杂信息时，常用结构复杂的句子， 当我们表达复杂信息时 如并列句、复合句、并列复合句、非谓语结构等。 如并列句、复合句、并列复合句、非谓语结构等。 除了上述结构外， 除了上述结构外，英语中还常用独立主格结构表达 复杂信息。 复杂信息。 .1.独立主格结构的逻辑主语。独立主格结构的逻辑 独立主格结构的逻辑主语。 独立主格结构的逻辑主语 主语与主句的主语是不一致的，它独立存在。 主语与主句的主语是不一致的，它独立存在。 。Lots of homework to do , I have to stay at
2). 表方式或伴随
When in trouble, Tom would sit alone, head bent.
3)。 表原因 。
Thousands of eyes fixed upon her, Mary felt on edge.
=As thousands of eyes were fixed upon her ,…. 4).表条件 表条件 More time and money given , we can finish the work in advance.( = If more time and money are given,……) 注意： 注意： 1. 不定式往往表示没有发生或即将发生 2. 动词 动词-ing 形式表示正在进行的动作或状态 3. 动词 动词-ed 形式表示已经完成和被动的行为
动词-ed 形式构成的独立主格结构（是由逻辑主语 动词 形式构成的独立主格结构（是由逻辑主语+动词 动词动词 ed形式 构成，常做时间、原因、伴随、条件状语） 形式 构成，常做时间、原因、伴随、条件状语） 1）表时间 ）
The task completed , we had a global traveling. = The task having been completed …= After the task was completed,…
表原因
The guide leading the way, we had no trouble getting out of the forest.
= As the guide led the way,…… 表条件： 表条件：
Weather permitting, we will go on an outing to the beach now.(= If weather permits…) Such being the case, you have no grounds for dismissing him.(=If such is the case…)
注意： 注意：
1.)当独立主格中的 当独立主格中的being done 表示“正在被做 表示“ 当独立主格中的 此时不可省。 时”，being 此时不可省。 Food being cooked, I fell asleep. 2). 当独立主格结构的逻辑主语是 it , there 时， being 常不省。 常不省。 It being fine , we can go to the beach . There being no time left, we had to speed up.
动词-ing 形式构成的独立主格结构： 形式构成的独立主格结构： 动词 如动词-ing 形式的逻辑主语与主句的主语不一致时， 形式的逻辑主语与主句的主语不一致时， 如动词 就要用动词-ing 形式的独立主格结构（在句中常做 时 形式的独立主格结构（ 就要用动词 间状语、原因、条件、方式状语） 间状语、原因、条件、方式状语） 1）。表时间 ）。表时间 ）。 The audience having seated themselves, the concert began. 2).表方式或伴随 表方式或伴随 The coward was backing , his face being deathly pale, toward another room.
home. . Leaves falling here and there , I suddenly notice autumn is drawing upon.