• 5）He is in critical condition, see-sawing between life and death. • See-saw原义是“跷跷板”， 这里引申译为：他的病况危急， 时好时坏，与死神搏斗。
• 1. I am afraid I can't teach you swimming. I think my little brother is a better teacher than I. (Noun)
• 3. 关 联 词 • 虚心使人进步，骄傲使人落后。 • Modesty helps one to go forward while conceit makes one lag behind．
• 留得青山在，不怕没柴烧。 • So long as green hills remain， there will never be a shortage of firewood．
• 我恐怕不能教你游泳。我想我弟弟 比我教得好。
• 2. An acquaintance of world history is helpful to the study of current affairs.
• 读一点世界史，对学习时事是有帮 助的。
• 3. These rustic lassies are good singers. • 这些乡下小姑娘唱歌唱得很好。
• Like most wildlife，deer reproduce， grow，and store fat in the summer and fall when there is plenty of nutritious food available. • 与大多数野生动物一样，鹿在营养丰 富、食物充足的夏秋两季，繁殖、生 长储存脂肪。
1. Omission of the pronoun (代词的省略)
• I wash my face and brush my teeth in the morning. • 我早上洗（我的）脸、刷（我 的）牙。
• In her letter, she told me about her college life. • 在（她的）信中，她给我谈了 她的大学生活。
• They are leading a happy life. • 他们现在过着幸福的生活。
• He becomes extremely excited whenever he talks about his hometown---mountains, waters, flowers, plants, fishes and birds.
英汉翻译理论与实践
Lecture Four
Translating Methods & Techniques
• The new office will cover the whole of Scotland. • 新的办事处业务遍及全苏格兰。 • She‟s covering the American election for BBC television.
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• The best conductor has the least resistance and the poorest the greatest． • 最好的导体电阻最小，最差的 导体电阻最大。
• Courage in excess becomes foolhardiness, affection weakness, thrift avarice. 勇敢过度，即成蛮勇；疼爱过度， 即成溺爱；俭约过度，即成贪婪。 • (增补被省掉的in excess becomes）
• 她在为英国广播公司的电视台报道 美国大选。
• I‟m going to the doctor‟s tomorrow so do you think you could cover my shift for me?
• 明天我要去看医生，你能替我代班 吗？ • Will £50 cover your expense? • 50英镑够你花了吗？
• 无孔不入的摄影师们到处跟踪王妃， 使得媒体上充斥着有关她私生活的 照片。
• Hitler carried out an aggressive policy after he seized power. • 希特勒摄取政权之后，推行了 侵略政策。
• 3)Every life has its roses and thorns. • 这里把玫瑰和刺引申，译为： “每个人的生活有苦有甜。”
• Matter can be changed into energy，and energy into matter． • 物质可以转化为能，能也可以 转化为物质。
In the evening , after the banquets, the concerts and the table tennis exhibition, he would work on the drafting of the final communiqué. • 晚上在参加宴会、出席音乐会、观看 乒乓球表演以后，他还得起草最后公 报。
• 这台计算机的主要特点是计算准确 而迅速。
• 2. Can you give an accurate translation of the sentence? • 你能确切地把这句话译出来吗？
The sun rose thinly from the sea. • 一轮红日从海边淡淡升起。
• A stream was winding its ways through the valley into the river. • 一弯溪水蜿蜒流过山谷，汇到江里 去了。
The moon was slowly rising above the sea. • 月亮慢慢从海上升起。
5. 文化增词 • 三个臭皮匠，赛过诸葛亮。 • Three cobblers with their wits combined equal Zhuge Liang the mastermind．
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• 别班门弄斧。 • Don‟ try to show off your proficiency with the ax before Lu Ban the master carpenter．
• He shrugged his shoulders, shook his head, cast up his eye but said nothing.
• 他耸了耸（他的）肩，摇了摇（他 的）头，（他的）两眼看天，一句 话也没说。
2. Omission of the Article （冠词的省略）
• 2. To them, he personified the absolute power. • 在他们看来，他就是绝对权威的化 身。
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3. Crying is considered to be characteristic of woman. • 人们认为爱哭是女人的特点。
Conversion into adjectives
• 一切准备工作就绪以后，飞机就飞 越美国去旧金山。
• This printer is indeed cheap and fine． • 这部打印机真是物美价廉。
• Can the leopard change his spots? • 豹子改不了身上的斑纹，这叫 本性难移。
• The blond boy quickly crossed himself. • 那个金发小男孩立刻在胸前划 十字，祈求上帝保佑。
• 他一说起家乡来就很兴奋，什么山 啦，水啦，花啦，草啦，鱼啦，鸟 啦等等。
• Heated，water will change into vapor． • 水如受热，就会汽化。
• Theory is something, but practice is everything. • 理论固然重要，而实践尤其重 要。
• 4. 介 词 • 咱们校门口见吧。 • Let‟s meet at the school gate．
• 你是白天工作还是夜间工作? • Do you work during day or at night?
• 该地区已没什么城乡差别。 • There is little difference between town and country in this region．
• 大作收到，十分高兴。 • I was very glad to have received your writing.
• 2. 冠 词 • 耳朵是用来听声音的器官，鼻子用 来嗅气味，舌头用来尝滋味。 The ear is the organ which is used for hearing．The nose is used for smelling．The tongue is used for tasting．
Omission
Omission is one of the translating techniques in which some parts of the original can be omitted when they are translated so that the translation accords with target readers' descriptions.
• The strongest man cannot alter the law of nature. • 即使是最强有力的人也不能改变自 然法则。
• Without a sense of your fault, how can repentance and amendment be expected？ • 如果对自己的错误都不认识， 怎么能悔恨和改正呢？
• 1. As he is a perfect stranger in the city, I hope you will give him the ne必要的帮助。