初结一、在时 1.概常、作在的某种状况 . 2.时间状语： Always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month ⋯ ), once a week(day, year, month ⋯ ), on Sundays, 3.基本结构：动词原形 （如主语为第三人称单数 ,动词上要改为第三人称单数形式） 4.否定形式+a m /i s /a r e +n o t +其他 ;在其前加 don't, 为第三数用 d o e s n 't 还. 5.一句：把 词放于句首；词d o ,为第三数用 does,同 . 6.例句： . It seldom snows here. He is always ready to help others. Action speaks louder than words.. 二、 去时 1.概去作惯常作. 2.时间状语： ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week, last(year, night, month ⋯ ), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc. 3.构： 词去式 4.否定形式：主语+was/were +not+ 其他 ;在行为动词前加 didn't,同时还原行为动词. 5.一般疑问句： was 或 were 放于句首；用助动词do 的过去式 did 提问,同时还原行为动词. 6.例句： She often came to help us in those days. I didn't know you were so busy. 行时1.概念：阶作.2.时间状语： Now, at this time, days, etc. look. listen3.基本结构：主语+be +doing + 其他4.否定形式：主语+be +not +doing+ 其他5.一句：把 词放于句首 . 6.例句： How are you feeling today? He is doing well in his lessons. 行时 1.概念：去间或刻行作 . 2.时间状语： at this time yesterday, at that time 或以 when 引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时 间状语等 . 3.基本结构 主语+was/were +doing + 其他 4.否定形式：主语+was/were + not +doing+ 其他 5.一般疑问句：把 was 或 were 放于句首 .(第一个字母大写） 6.例句： At that time she was working in a PLA unit. When he came in, I was reading a newspaper. 在完成时1.概生完现在造成的影果,开始到现 在的动作或状态. 2.时间状语： yet,already,just,never,ever,so far,by now,since+时间点 ,for+时间段 ,recently, lately, inthe past few years, etc.3.基本结构：主语+have/has +p.p （过去分词） +其他4.否定形式：主语+have/has + not +p.p （过去分词） +其他5.一般疑问句： have 或 has.6.例句： I've written an article.The countryside has changed a lot in the past few years. 去完成时1.概念去,在此作,作之前完成的行 为,即“过去的过去” .2.时间状语： Before, by the end of last year (term, month ⋯ ), etc.3.基本结构：主语+had + p.p （过去分词） +其他4.否定形式：主语+had + not +p.p （过去分词） +其他5.一般疑问句： had 放于句首 .6.例句： As soon as we got to the station, the train had left. By the end of last month. We had reviewed four books 基本结构：主语+had+p.p （过去分词） +其他 ①肯定句：主语+ had+p.p （过去分词） +其他②否定句：主语+ had+ not+p.p （过去分词） +其他③一般疑问句： Had+主语+p.p （过去分词） +其他④特句：特词 +一句 七、 一般将来时1.概念：表示作或存在及打划做某事 . 2.时间状语： Tomorrow, next day(week, month, year ⋯ ),soon, in a few minutes, by ⋯ ,the day after tomorrow, etc. 3.基本结构：主语+am/is/are +going to + do+ 其他；主语+will/shall + do+ 其他 4.否定形式：主语+am/is/are not going to do ；主语+will/shall not do+ 其他 5.一般疑问句： be 放于句首； will/shall 提到句首 . 6.例句： They are going to have a competition with us in studies. It is going to rain. 去将来时 1.概念：立去刻去看将来 ,常语从句中 . 2.时间状语： The next day (morning, year ⋯ ),the following month(week ⋯ ),etc. 3.基本结构：主语+was/were +going to + do+ 其他；主语+would/should + do+ 其他 4.否定形式：主语+was/were/not + going to + do; 主语+would/should + not + do. 5.一般疑问句： was 或 were 放于句首； would/should 提到句首 . 6.例句： He said he would go to Beijing the next day. I asked who was going there 九、将来完成时 1.概念：在将来刻之前开作或状态 2.时间状语： by the time of; by the end of+时间短语（将来） ;by the time+ 从句（将来） 3.基本结构：主语+be going to/will/shall + have+p.p （过去分词） +其他 4 例句 :By the time you get back, great changes will have taken place in this area. 在行时 1.概念：表去间开始一作续,并可到将来 . 2.基本结构：主语+have/has +been +doing+其他 3.时间状语： since+时间点 ,for+时间段等 .4.例子： I have been sitting here for an hour.The children have been watching TV since six o'clock.十一、在换 在中 词能与表示间 却不能 .但是 ,的 表达方式：用于“间 +a g o ”的的句型中；可改成 与应词,与用； 用于 “I t i s + 间+ since + 一般过去时”的句型中 ,表示“自从⋯ ⋯ 以来有⋯ ⋯时间”的意思 ,主句一般用 it is 来代替 It has been;④瞬间动词用于“ Some time has passed since + 一般过去时”的句型中 .请看： A. He joined the League two years ago. B. He has been in the League for two years. C. It is two years since he joined the League. D. Two years has passed since he joined the League. 十二、 换 在一般现在时中 ,at 加上名词表示“处于某种状态” ,如 at work （在工作） , at school （上学、 上课）等 .此短语可与进行时态转换.请看： Peter is at work, but Mike is at play. Peter is working, but Mike is playing. 辑本段 ]十与一般换在现在进行时态中 go, come, leave, start, arrive 等动词常与表示将来的时间状语连用表示将 要发生的动作 .如： I am coming, Mum! 意为“我就来 ,妈!”请看： The train is leaving soon. The train will leave soon. 名词复数的不规则变化 1）child---children foot---feet tooth---teeth mouse---mice man---men woman---women 注意：与 man 和 woman 构成的合成词,其复数形式也是 -men 和-women.如： an Englishman,two Englishmen. 但 German 不是合成词,故复数形式为G ermans ；Bowman是姓 ,其复数是 the Bowmans.2）单复同形 如：deer,sheep,fish,Chinese,Japaneseli,jin,yuan,two li,three mu,four jin但除元、角、分外 ,美元、法郎等都有复数形式 .如:a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters 3）集数形为复数 .如： people. police .cattle 等本身就是复数 ,不能说a people,a police,a cattle,但可以说 a person,a policeman,a head of cattle,the English,the British,the French,the Chinese,the Japanese,the Swiss 等名词,表示国民总称时,作复数用 . 如： The Chinese are industries and brave. 中国人民是勤劳勇敢的 . 4）以 s 结尾 ,仍为单数的名词,如：a. maths,politics,physics 等学科名词,为不可数名词,是单数.b. news 是不可数名词.c. the United States,the United Nations 应视为单数.The United Nations was organized in 1945. 联合国是1945 年组建起来的.d. 以复数形式出现的书名,剧名,报纸,杂志名,也可视为单数."The Arabian Nights" is a very interesting story-book.是一本非常有趣的故事书.5) 表示由两部分构成的东西,如：glasses (眼镜) trousers, clothes若表达具体数目,要借助数量词pair(对,双); suit( 套); a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers6）另外还有一些名词,其复数形式有时可表示特别意思,如：goods 货物,waters 水域,fishes （各种）鱼。