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实用英汉互译教程7 Sentence Order


译成表示“让步”的分句,一般前置:
While this is true of some, it is not true of all. 虽有部分如此,但不见得全部如此。 I still think that you made a mistake while l admit what you say. 就算你说得对,我仍认为你做错了。
How to translate the sentences?
• 我有重要的事情要告诉你。 • I have something important to tell you. • 世界上最大的都市有日本的东京,美国的纽约, 英国的伦敦和中国的上海。 • The largest cities of the world are Tokyo, Japan; New York, U.S.A; London, England; and Shanghai, P.R.C. • Nothing has happened since we parted. • 自从我们分手之后,什么事情也没发生。
条件/假设/让步
• 2. 表示条件 (假设/让步) 与结果关系的 英语复合句中, 条件(假设、 让步)与结果 的顺序也不固 定,在汉语中 则是条件在前, 结果在后。
I still hope you will come back if arrangements could be made.(后置)
如果可以的话,我还是希望你来。 (前置) The moon is a moon still, whether it shines or not. 不管是明是暗,月亮总归是月亮。
二、英汉语复合句中的逻辑顺序 的调整。
• 1. 表示因果关 系的英语复合 句中,因果顺 序灵活,在汉 语中多数情况 是原因在前, 结果在后。
He had to stay in bed because he was ill.(后置)
因为病了,他只好呆在床上。(前 置) The crops failed because the season was dry. 因为气候干旱,作物歉收。

You try:


Today jack-o-lanterns in the windows of a house on Halloween night let costumed children know that there are goodies waiting if they knock and say “Trick or Treat!” 今天,如果房子的窗户上挂上南瓜灯,就是告诉那 些打扮好的孩子们,要是他们敲敲门,并且说“不 给糖就恶作剧!”的话,就会有糖果等着他们了。
• 旧时的百货店很快就消失了。过去,店主私下里 都认识他的老主顾们,而在今天这种事情再也不 复存在了,这实在是太可惜了。
英汉语复合句中 的逻辑顺序的调整
• 在句子中,英语的逻辑顺序一般为先主 后从,即先表态后叙事,先果后因等等, 把信息重心放在前面,而汉语的信息排 列一般是按事物的自然逻辑发展顺序, 先叙事后表态,先因后果,先条件后结 论,信息焦点常放在句末。翻译时,应 根据译入语的特点适当调整语序。
他本来在天津开会,会议一结束, 他就去北京度假了,昨天才坐飞机回 来。
I put on my clothes by the light of a half - moon just setting, whose rays streamed through the narrow window near my bed. ① I put on my clothes by the light of a half - moon.
句间的语序调整
01 •句间时间顺序的调整
02 •句间逻辑序的调整
• 1.英语复合 句中,表示时 间的从句可以 放在主句之前, 也可以放在主 句之后,汉语 中则通常先叙 述先发生的事, 后叙述后发生 的事。
I went out for a walk after I had my dinner.(从句在主句之后) 我吃了晚饭后出去散步。 (从句 在主句之前) You Try: A press conference was held after the two sides had reached agreements. 双方达成协议后,召开了记者会。
这项工程是否会造福人民,现在还很难说。
I believe strongly that it is in the interests of my countrymen that Britain should remain an active and energetic member of the European Community(欧洲共同体).
我坚信,英国应该继续担当欧洲共同体中 一个积极而充满活力的成员,这是符合我国 人民利益的。
You try:
• I believe equally that it is in the interests of the world as a whole that Europe should increasingly unite and speak with a common voice. • 我同样认为,欧洲应该日益团结起来,并且用一 个共同的声音说话,这是符合全世界的利益的。 • It is not surprising that, when humidity is low, the water evaporates rapidly from the fruit. • 在大气湿度低的情况下,水果里的水分蒸发就快, 这是不足为奇的。
② A half - moon was just setting.
③ The moon’s rays streamed through the narrow window near my bed.
半轮晓月渐渐西沉,月光透过小床旁边一个窄窄的 窗子射进来,我趁着月光穿上衣服。
You try:
• The old-fashioned general store is fast disappearing. This is, perhaps, a pity, because shopping today seems to lack that personal element which existed when shop keeper knew all his regular customers personally.
• 2. 英语复合句 中有时包含两 个以上的时间 从句,各个时 间从句的次序 比较灵活,汉 语则一般按事 情发生的先后 安排其位置。
He had flown yesterday from Beijing where he spent his vacation after finishing the meeting he had taken part in Tianjin.
事实/评论
• 3. 对某事发表 评论时,英语 通常先评论或 表态,然后再 说明有关情况。 汉语则正好相 反,通常先叙 述(即事实或 描写)后表态 (即判断或结 论)。
It is still too early to say whether this project will benefit the people.
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