2006年北京航空航天大学考博英语试题及答案Part I Listening Comprehension(略)Part II Reading ComprehensionDirections:There are four passages in this part.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them,there are4choices marked A,B,C and D.Read the passages carefully and decide on the best choice.Then mark the corresponding letter on the ANWER SHEET with a single line through the center.Passage1Some psychologists maintain that mental acts such as thinking are not performed in the brain alone,but that one's muscles also participate.It may be said that we think with our muscles in somewhat the same way that we listen to music with our bodies.You surely are not surprised to be told that you usually listen to music not only with your ears but with your whole body.Few people can listen to music that is more or less familiar without moving their body or, more specifically,some part of their body.Often when one listens to a symphonic concert on the radio,he is tempted in direct the orchestra even though he knows there is a competent conductor on the job.Strange as this behavior may be,there is a very good reason for it.One cannot derive all possible enjoyment from music unless he participates,so to speak,in its performance.The listener"feels"himself into the music with more or less pronounced motions of his body.The muscles of the body actually participate in the mental process of thinking in the same way,but this participation is less obvious because it is less pronounced.21.Some psychologists maintain that thinking is______.A.not a mental processB.more of a physical process than a mental actionC.a process that involves your entire bodyD.a process that involves the muscles as well as the brain22.Few people are able to listen to familiar music without______.A.moving some part of their bodyB.stopping what they are doing to listenC.directing the orchestra playing itD.wishing that they could conduct music properly23.Body movements are necessary in order for the listener to______.A.hear the musicB.appreciate the musicC.enjoy the music fullypletely understand the music24.According to the selection,muscle participation in the process of thinking is______.A.deliberateB.obviousC.not readily apparentD.very pronounced25.The best title for this selection is______.A.An Ear for MusicB.Music AppreciationC.How Muscles Participate in Mental ActsD.A Psychological Definition of the Thinking ProcessPassage2Laziness is a sin----everybody knows that.We have probably all had lectures pointing out that laziness is immoral,that it is wasteful,and that lazy people will never amount to anything in life.But laziness can be more harmful than that,and it is often caused by more harmful than that,and it is often caused by more complex reasons than simple wish to avoid work.Some people who appear to be lazy are suffering from much more serious problems.They may be so distrustful of their fellow workers that they are unable to join in any group task for fear of ridicule or fear of having their ideas stolen.These people who seem lazy may be paralyzed by a fear of failure that prevents fruitful work.Or other sorts of fantasies may prevent work;some people are so busy planning,sometimes panning great deals or fantastic achievements that they are unable to deal with whatever"lesser"work is on hand.Still other people are not avoiding work;strictly speaking, they are merely procrastinating-rescheduling their day.Laziness can actually be helpful.Like procrastinators,some people may look lazy when they are really thinking,planning,contemplating,researching.We should all remember that some great scientific discoveries occurred by chance or while someone was"goofing off".Newton wasn't working in the orchard when the apple hit him and he devised the theory of gravity.All of us would like to have someone"lazy"to build the car to stove we buy,particularly if that"laziness"were cause by the worker's taking time to check each step or his work and to do his job right.And sometimes,being"lazy"-----that is,taking time off for a rest is good for the overworked student or executive.Taking a rest can be particularly helpful to the athlete who is trying too hard or the doctor who's simply working himself overtime too many evenings at the clinic.So be careful when you're tempted to call someone lazy.That person may be thinking,resting,or planning his or her next book.26.The main idea of this passage is that______.ziness is a moral sinB.there are advantages and disadvantages in being lazyziness is the sign of deep-seated emotional problemszy people do more careful work27.The passage states that______.ziness is a diseaseB.some people appear lazy because they are insecureziness is more beneficial than harmfulD.a good definition of laziness is emotional illness28.Which of the following conclusion does the passage support?______A.The word laziness is sometimes applied incorrectly.B.Most of the time laziness is a virtue.C.Most assembly line workers are lazy.D.Most insecure people are lazy.29.The final paragraph is______.a.gloomy B.humorous C.serious D.ironical30."Goofing off"as used in paragraph2probably means______.A.wasting timeB.sleepingC.workingD.chatting with friendsPassage3The idea of humanoid robots is not new.They have been part of the imaginative landscape ever since Karl Capek,a Czech writer,first dreamed them up for his1921play"Rossum's Universal Robots".(The word"robot"comes from the Czeeh word for drudgery,robota.)Since then,Hollywood has produced countless variations on the theme,from the sultry False Maria in Fritz Lang's silent masterpiece"metropolis"to the withering C-3PO in"Star Wars"and the ruthless assassin of"Terminator".Humanoid robots have walked into our collective subconscious,coloring our views of the future.But now Japan's industrial giants are spending billions of yen to make such robots a reality.Their new humanoids represent impressive feats of engineering:when Honda introduced Asimo,a four-foot robot that had been in development for some15years,it walked so fluidly that its white,articulated exterior seemed to conceal a human.Honda continues to make the machine faster,friendlier and more st October,when Asimo was inducted into the Robot Hall of Fame in Pittsburgh,it walked on the stage and accepted its own plaque.At two and a half feet tall,Sony’s QRIO is smaller and more toy-like than Asimo.It walks,understands a small number of voice commands,and can navigate on its own.It is falls over,it gets up and resumes where it left off.It can even connect wirelessly to the internet and broadcast what its camera eyes can see.In2003, Sony demonstrated an upgraded QRIO that could run.Honda responded last December with a version of Asimo that runs at twice the speed.In2004,Toyota joined the fray with its own family of robots,called Partner,one of which is a four-foot humanoid that plays the trumpet.Its fingers work the instrument’s valves,and it has mechanical lungs and artificial lips.Toyota hopes to offer a commercial version of the robot by2010.This month,50Partner robots will act as guides at Expo2005in Aichi,Japan.Despite their sudden proliferation,however,humanoids are still a mechanical minority.Most of the world's robots are faceless,footless and mute.They are bolted to the floors of factories,stamping out car parts or welding pieces of metal,making more machines.According to the United Nations,business orders for industrial robots jumped18%in the first half of2004.They may soon be outnumbered by domestic robots,such as self-navigating vacuum cleaners,lawn mowers,and window-washers,which are selling fast. But neither industrial nor domestic robots are humanoid.31.In paragraph1the author introduces this topic by relating______.A.the idea of humanoid robotsB.Karl Capek's creation of robotsC.Hollywood's production of robot filmsD.the origin of and popular movies about robots32.According to the author's description,Asimo______.A.is a four-legged robotB.seems more like a human being than a machine in actionC.seems more like a machine than a human being in actionD.is in a sort of animal form33.Sony’s QRIO could perform all the following tasks EXCEPT______.A.walking everywhere freelyB.understanding some words uttered by peopleC.finding its wayD.continuing walking after it stumbles34.From the passage we may infer that Toyota’s Partner______.A.is much better than any other robotsB.is no more than a mechanic deviceC.may be put into mass productionD.may speak like man35.Judging from the context,this passage is probably written______.A.in2004B.in2005C.between2003~2004D.between2004~2005Passage4Ocean water plays an indispensable role in supporting life.The great ocean basins hold bout300million cubic miles of water.From this vast amount,bout80,000cubic miles of water are sucking into the atmosphereeach year by evaporation and returned by precipitation and drainage to the ocean.More than24,000cubic miles of rain descend annually upon the continents.This vast amount is required to replenish the lakes and streams,springs and water tables on which all flora and fauna are dependent.Thus,the hydrosphere permits organic existence.The hydrosphere has strange characteristics because water has properties unlike those of any other liquid.One anomaly is that water upon freezing expands by about9percent,whereas most liquids contract on cooling.For this reason,ice floats on water bodies instead of sinking to the bottom.If the ice sank,the hydrosphere would soon be frozen solidly,except for a thin layer of surface melt water during the summer season.Thus,all aquatic life would be destroyed and the interchange of warm and cold currents,which moderates climate,would be notably absent.Another outstanding characteristic of water is that it has a heat capacity which is the highest of all liquids and solids except ammonia.This characteristic enables the oceans to absorb and sore vast quantities of heat,thereby often preventing climate extremes.In addition,water dissolves more substances than any other liquid.It is this characteristic which helps make oceans a great storehouse for minerals which have been washed down from the continents.In several areas of the world these minerals are being commercially exploited.Solar evaporation of salt is widely practiced,potash is extracted from the Dead Sea,and Magnesium is produced from seawater along the American Gulf Coast.36.A characteristic of water NOT mentioned in this passage is that water______.A.expands on freezingB.is a great solventC.is like ammoniaD.has a very high heat capacity37.From this passage,we may conclude that______.A.ocean and land masses are equalB.ocean masses are smaller than land massesC.it is difficult to get fresh water from the oceanD.none of the above is correct38.By“hydrosphere”the author means______.A.the moisture in the airB.the part of the earth covered by waterC.the Milky WayD.the frozen waters of the earth39.Fish can survive in the oceans because______.A.there are currents in the oceanB.ice floatsC.evaporation and condensation create a water cycleD.water absorbs heat40.“Anomaly”,as used in the second paragraph,means______.A.state of being anonymousB.abnormalityC.characteristicD.propertyPart III Vocabulary(10points)Directions:In this part,there are20sentences with four choices below each sentence.Choose the best one from the4choices.Then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.41.Early exponents of science fiction such as Jules Verne and H.G.Wells explored with zest the futurepossibilities opened up to the optimistic imagination by modern technology.A.inspirationB.enthusiasmC.fantasyD.endeavor42.Except for coarse earthen-wares,which can be made from clay as it is found in the earth,pottery is made from special clays plus other materials mixed to achieve the desired results.A.conventionalB.uniqueC.genuineD.crude43.When the fire broke out in the building,the people lost their heads and ran into the elevator.A.pouredB.dismayed C panicked D.trembled44.The English language contains a(n)______of words which are comparatively seldom used in ordinary conversation.A.altitudetitudeC.multitudeD.attitude45.The wealth of a country should be measured______the health and happiness of people as well as the material goods it can produce.A.in line withB.in terms ofC.in regard withD.by means of46.Radar is used to extend the______of man's senses for observing his environment,especially the sense of vision.A.validityB.liabilityC.capacityD.intensity47.We are writing to the manager______the repairs recently carried out at the above address.A.with the exception ofB.with the purpose ofC.with reference toD.with a view to48.They made detailed investigations to______themselves with the needs of the rural marketA.adhereB.acknowledgeC.acquaintD.activate49.Probably there's a good reason for her absence,as she doesn't usually stay away from work.A.ConspicuouslyB.ProspectivelyC.incidentallyD.Presumably50.I was______in my reading,and didn't at first hear the doorbell ring.A.immuredB.immersedC.busyD.infatuated51.Ten minutes later,the police came and______the crowd.A.dismayedB.dispersedC.dismountedD.distressed52.There are______differences between theory and practice.A.legibledenC.radicalD.medieval53.Will you______my article to find out whether I've made any mistakes?A.look afterB.look throughC.look upD.look into54.When he lived in that remote place,radio was the only means he had to keep______of current events in the country.A.accountB.traceC.recordD.track55.The flashing red light served as a______of danger ahead.A.predictorB.cautionC.precautionD.prevention56.According to the weather forecast,which is usually______,it will snow this afternoon.A.accurateB.dullC.awkwardD.tedious57.If his father could not keep up the payments on the mortgage,his uncle might______it for him.A.redeemB.amendC.resembleD.appeal58.His writing depicts this changing world and the increasing cultural diversity of the United States.A.conflictB.refinementC.varietyD.movement59.She was artful and could always get round her parents in the end.A.playB.deceiveC.confuseD.annoy60.He became aware that he had lost his audience since he had not been able to talk coherently.A.honestlyB.appropriatelyC.intelligiblyD.flexiblyPart IV Cloze(10points)Directions:Decide which of the choices given below could correctly complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks.Then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.Who won the World Cup2004football game?What happened at the United Nations?How did the critics like the new play?(61)______an event takes place,newspapers are on the street(62)______the details whenever anything happens in the world,reporters are on the spot to(63)______the news.Newspapers have one basic(64)______,to get the news as quickly as possible from its source,from those who make it to those who want to(65)______it.Radio,television,and(66)______inventions brought competition for newspapers.So did the development of magazines and other means of communication(67)______,this competition merely spurred the newspapers on.They quickly made use of the newer and faster means of communication to improve the(68)______and thus the efficiency of their own operations.Today more newspapers are(69)______and read than ever petition also led newspapers to branch out into many other fields.Besides keeping readers(70)______of the latest news, today's newspapers(71)______and influence readers about politics and other important and serious matters. Newspapers influence readers’economic choices(72)______advertising.Most newspapers depend on advertising for their very(73)______,Newspapers are sold at a price that(74)______even a small fraction of the cost of production.The main(75)______of income for most newspapers is commercial advertising. The(76)___in selling advertising depends on newspaper's value to advertisers.This(77)_____in terms of circulation.How many people read the newspaper?Circulation depends(78)______on the work of the circulation department and on the services or entertainment(79)______in a newspaper's pages.But for the most part,circulation depends on a newspaper’s value to readers as a source of information(80)______the community,city,county,nation and world----and even outer space.61.A.Just when B.While C.Soon after D.Before62.A.to give B.giving C.given D.being given63.A.gather B.spread C.carry D.bring64.A.reason B.cause C.problem D.purpose65.A.make B.publish C.know D.write66.A.another B.other C.one another D.the other67.A.However B.And C.Therefore D.So68.A.value B.ratio C.rate D.speed69.A.spread B.passed C.printed pletedrm B.be informed C.to be informed rmed71.A.entertain B.encourage cate D.edit72.A.on B.through C.with D.of73.A.forms B.existence C.contents D.purpose74.A.tries to cover B.manages to cover C.fails to cover D.succeeds in75.A.source B.origin C.course D.finance76.A.way B.means C.chance D.success77.A.measures B.measured C.is measured D.was measured78.A.somewhat B.little C.much D.something79.A.offering B.offered C.which offered D.to be offered80.A.by B.with C.at D.aboutPart V Translation(15points)Directions:Read the following passage carefully and then translate it into Chinese.Writing the translation on the ANSWER SHEET(2).Artificial intelligence and virtual reality are tow computer-related technologies that may cast largeshadow on education.Much of school planning may be done not by human agents but by programs created by human agents;and much of what was once accomplished by textbooks and occasional field trips will now be performed in virtual reality.One can ask:what is the truth value of the materials prepared entirely by non-human entities?In a turnabout from previous trends,the acquisition of credentials may become less important. Individuals will be able to educate themselves(largely if not wholly)and to exhibit their mastery in a simulated setting.Why pay$120,000to go to law school,if one can"read law"as in early times and then demonstrate one'slegal skills via computer simulation?Or learn to fly a plane by similar means,for that matter?Technology has revolutionized the world in which schools operate.Now it's time for education to catch up to change.Part VI Writing(15points)Directions:Write a composition of no less than200words on the following topic on the ANSWER SHEET(2).Space Research2006年参考答案21-25DACCC26-30BBACA31-35DBACB36-40CCBCB41-45BDCBD46-50DCCDB51-55BCDDB56-60AACBC61-65CBADC66-70BADCD71-75CBBCA76-80DCABDPart V Translation人工智能和虚拟现实是两种与电脑有关的技术，他们可能对教育产生重大影响。