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高中英语语法之句子成分精讲PPT课件(共22页)


谓语
谓语用来描述主语的行为动作或所处的状态,一般位于主语之后(祈 使句、省略句等除外),由动词或动词短语充当,且谓语动词有人称、数、 时态和语态等的变化。
例如: We often speak English in class. I bought a ticket at a discount and rode the underground three times. The days get longer and longer when summer comes. There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.
英语句子成分
Sentence Components
2020/7/6
1
目录
CONTENTS
1 句法介绍 2 例句分析 3 活学精练 4 知识小结
2020/7/6
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01
句法介绍
英语句子的成分
句子成分就是组成句子的各个部分。英语的句子成分主要 有主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补足语、同位 语、独立成分等。
补语
补足语的作用对象是主语或宾语,有主语补足语和宾语补足语两种,后者更为常 见。补语是用来补充说明主语或宾语的性质、状态的一种句子成分,具有鲜明的定语 性描写或限制性功能,在句法上是不可或缺的。 (1)宾语补足语:可由名词、形容词、数词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语等充当。 例如: We invite you to bring your family and friends on that special day. I find it very difficult to achieve the set goal. Mr. Smith has suggested a good way to have her written English improved in a short period.
(1)构成句子的主体部分是主语和谓语。 (2)除了句子的主体,句子的主要成分还有表语、宾语 和补足语。 (3)其他成分如定语、状语、同位语和独立成分是句子 的次要成分。
主语
主语是一个句子的主体,一般位于句首,在倒装句中可以位于句末, 在祈使句或省略句中可以省略(省主句)。名词(短语)、代词、数词、 名词化的形容词(the + adj./Vpp)、不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)、 从句等均可作主语。
表语
表语是用来说明主语的性质、类属、身份、特征和状态等。表语须和 系动词一起构成句子的复合谓语(系表结构)。表语一般放在系动词之后。 名词(短语)、代词、数词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式(短语)、 动名词(短语)、分词、从句等均可作表语。
常见的系动词有: be动词、seem、become、感官动词(例如 sound, look, feel, smell, taste, touch)、remain等。
例如: The sun rises in the east. He likes dancing. Two is enough, and three will be perfect. The rich can never truly understand the concerns of the poor. What impressed me couldn’t be expressed in words.
(2)主语补足语:可由名词、形容词、数词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语等充当。 例如: No one is known to have escaped. The books in the study must be kept in good order. He di作的对象或承受者,常位于及物动词(即动宾)或介词(即介宾) 后面。宾语可由名词(短语) 、代词、数词、名词化的形容词(the + adj./Vpp) 、不定式(短语)、动名词(短语) 、宾语从句等来担任。
例如: People love to get together to eat,drink and have fun with each other. I enjoy listening to pop music. He clapped the boy on the shoulder. She looked at the newcomer in great surprise. I will never believe what he says because he always tells lies.
例如: China is a developing country while USA is a developed one. Do you really want to wear this out-of-fashion dress to the party? I need to have something to do, otherwise I will feel extremely bored. The boy there is my brother. The teacher praised the boy who donated a dozen of books to the children in the poor mountainous areas.
例如: You look handsome today. The kind of cloth feels very soft. It seems an impossible mission. It remained where I put it last time. He was out when I arrived at his office.
定语是修饰名词(短语、从句)或代词的,用来描述人或事物的品质或特 征的句子成分。形容词、名词、代词、数词、副词(时间、地点、方位副 词)、介词短语、不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)、分词、从句等均可 作定语。单个词作定语通常放在被修饰词的前面(特定用法除外,比如修 饰复合不定代词以及副词作定语等情况);短语或从句作定语则放在被修 饰词的后面。
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